G. H. Richter

Einfluß von Rapssamen in der Mastrinderernährung auf Fettsäurenmuster, Vitamin-E-Gehalt und oxidative Stabilität des Körperfettes

ZusammenfassungIn einem Einzelfütterungsversuch über 350 Tage wurden der Kraftfutter-Weizenstroh-Ration (2,5 : 1) von je 5 Mastbullen 0, 7, 14 bzw. 21 % geschrotete Rapssamen zugesetzt. Infolge des Fett- (427 g) und Vitamin-E-Gehaltes (127 mg je kg Trockensubstanz, TS) der Rapssamen stiegen der Rohfett- bzw. Vitamin-E-Gehalt der Ration von 25 über 50, 75 auf 100 g bzw. von 11 über 19, 26 auf 34 IE je kg TS an. Mit einer Endmasse von ≈ 560 kg wurden alle Tiere geschlachtet und das Fettsäurenmuster des Nieren- und Beckenhöhlenfettes und des intramuskulären Fettes im Musc. long. dorsi, der Vitamin-E-Gehalt in diesen Proben sowie im Blut und die Induktionszeit des Depotfettes mittels Rancimattest ermittelt.Der Rapssameneinsatz bewirkte sowohl im Depot- als auch im Muskelfett einen Abfall im Gehalt an C16- und einen Anstieg der C18-Fettsäuren. Das intramuskuläre Fett enthielt signifikant mehr Mono- und Polyenfettsäuren (40,2 und 7,4 %) als das Depotfett (33,5 und 2,0 %).Der Vitamin-E-Gehalt stieg mit Rapssamenzulage in allen untersuchten Tierkörperproben signifikant an, im Depotfett erhöhte er sich von 4,5 über 7,3, 8,5 auf 14,9 µg/g. Die oxidative Stabilität des Depotfettes, gemessen als Induktionszeit mittels Rancimattest, stieg nach Rapssamenzulage von 10,9 über 18,5, 16,1 auf 19,5 h an.SummaryFour groups of five fattening bulls each consumed a concentrate — wheat straw-diet (2.5 : 1) supplemented with either 0, 7, 14 or 21 % ground rape seed for 350 days. Rape seed contained 427 g crude fat (ether extract) and 127 mg vitamin E per kg dry matter. The supplementation with rapeseed increased the fat concentrations in the rations from 25 to 50, 75 and 100 g, and of vitamin E from 11 to 19, 26 and 34 mg per kg dry matter.All bulls were slaughtered with about 560 kg body weight. Fatty acid composition of depot fat and of the fat ofmusc. long. dorsi were determined by gas liquid chromatography.Vitamin E concentrations in blood, depot fat and muscle were determined by HPLC. Oxidative stability of depot fat was measured as induction time by means of rancimat-test.Rape seed supplementation decreased C16-fatty acids and increased C18-fatty acids in depot and muscle fat. Muscle fat contained significantly more mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids (40.2 and 7.4 %) than depot fat (33.5 and 2.0 %, respectively).Rape seed supplementation enhanced significantly the vitamin E-concentrations in all body samples. In depot fat vit. E increased from 4.5 to 7.3, 8.5 and 14.9 µg/g. Induction time increased from 10.9 to 18.5, 16.1 and 19.5 h, when 0, 7, 14 or 21 % rapessed were added.Four groups of five fattening bulls each consumed a concentrate--wheat straw-diet (2.5:1) supplemented with either 0, 7, 14 or 21% ground rape seed for 350 days. Rape seed contained 427 g crude fat (ether extract) and 127 mg vitamin E per kg dry matter. The supplementation with rapeseed increased the fat concentrations in the rations from 25 to 50, 75 and 100 g, and of vitamin E from 11 to 19, 26 and 34 mg per kg dry matter. All bulls were slaughtered with about 560 kg body weight. Fatty acid composition of depot fat and of the fat of musc. long. dorsi were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Vitamin E concentrations in blood, depot fat and muscle were determined by HPLC. Oxidative stability of depot fat was measured as induction time by means of rancimat-test. Rape seed supplementation decreased C16-fatty acids and increased C18-fatty acids in depot and muscle fat. Muscle fat contained significantly more mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids (40.2 and 7.4%) than depot fat (33.5 and 2.0%, respectively). Rape seed supplementation enhanced significantly the vitamin E-concentrations in all body samples. In depot fat vit. E increased from 4.5 to 7.3, 8.5 and 14.9 micrograms/g. Induction time increased from 10.9 to 18.5, 16.1 and 19.5 h, when 0, 7, 14 or 21% rapeseed were added.

Einfluss der rationsgestaltung auf die faecale phosphorausscheidung bei unterschiedlich schweren mastbullen

Five smaller (body weight: 227.9 +/- 23.7 kg) and large growing bulls (435.2 +/- 14.3 kg per animal) each were fed with rations rich (chopped wheat straw:concentrate = 1:1) or poor in roughage (straw: concentrate = 1:4). Animals were kept in balance cages; 20 days adaptation period were followed by 10 days collection period. Body weight of bulls did not significantly influence apparent digestibility of rations. digestibility of organic matter of fibre rich ration was significantly lower (66.8%) than those of concentrate rich ration (74.4%). Feeding and body weight did not significantly influence metabolic parameters of mineral status. The fecal P-excretion amounted to 0.94 and 1.08 g per kg DMI in bulls fed with rations rich and poor in roughage. No influence of body weight was measured. Feeding and body weight did not significantly influence fecal P-excretion per kg DOMI (between 1.44 and 1.58 g P/kg DOM). For calculation of P-requirements for growing cattle fecal P-excretion amounted to 1.0 or 1.5 g P/kg DM and DOMI, respectively.

Composition and in sacco Degradability of Variously Treated Pig Slurry Solids before and after Anaerobic Digestion

Abstract Flachowsky, G., Richter, G. H. and Lohnert, H.J. 1995. Composition and in sacco degradability of variously treated pig slurry solids before and after anaerobic digestion. J. AppL Anim. Res., 7: 161–168. The fresh and digested pig slurry was separated into a solid and liquid phase by centrifugation. The solids of the slurry (fresh and digested) were treated with urea and I or NaOH and used for the estimation of chemical composition and dry matter degradability (DMD). Anaerobic digestion did not significantly influence chemical composition except iron content. The DMD of anaerobically—digested solids was significantly lower (34.8%) than that of the influent material (48%). Chemical treatment of solids from the influent increased DMD from 48.0 to 54.5 (2% urea), 60.2 (2% NaOH) and 62.0% (2% urea and NaOH each); DMD of effluent was increased from 34.8 to 46.4, 49.4 and 51.3%, respectively. Pig slurry solids from the effluent of anaerobic digesters contain low energy for ruminants and should primarily...

Influence of various phosphorus supply on apparent digestibility of crude nutrients, growing and slaughtering performance as well as selected parameters of metabolism of fattening bulls*

Two long‐term individual feeding experiments (336 and 307 days) were carried out with 52 (experiment I; Black and White dairy cattle) and 22 (experiment II; Yellow cattle) growing bulls. Rations varied in P‐content. In experiment I straw: concentrate‐mixture (1:2.5) were fed, phosphorus content of rations amounted to 2, 3 or 4g/kg DM. In experiment II maize silage was fed ad lib. supplemented with 2.4 kg concentrate per animal per day. P‐content of rations amounted to 3 and 4g/kg DM. Apparent digestibility of rations was determined during experiments. Blood samples were taken to analyse selected parameters of metabolism. Various P‐supply did not significantly influence apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude nutrients in both experiments. Bulls fed 2 g P/kg DM decreased DMI in experiment I already after 50 days of experiment. After 168 experimental days daily weight gain of bulls fed with 2 g P/kg DM was 124 or 132 g lower than that of bulls fed with 3 or 4 g P/kg DM respectively. P‐concentrati...