G. Ruhenstroth-Bauer

Elektrophoretische Untersuchungen an normalen und malignen Zellen

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Übersicht über die zellelektrophoretischen Unterschiede zwischen einer Reihe von normalen und entsprechenden maligne entarteten Zellen gegeben.

Flow-cytometric measurements of the transmembrane potential, the surface charge density and the phagocytic activity of guinea pig macrophages after incubation with lymphokines

SummaryThe effects of lymphokines on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were measured via flow cytometry utilizing the three-parameter FLUVO-METRICELL flow cytometer. On the basis of cell volume three distinct macrophage populations could be distinguished. Three to 5 min after starting the incubation with lymphokines a hyperpolarization of all three macrophage populations took place which was followed by depolarization. After 60 min the transmembrane potential reached again its control values. The negative charge density of the cell membrane decreased shortly after beginning of the incubation to 70-80% of the initial value and then remained unchanged for the following 120 min. The phagocytic activity of the macrophages was diminished during the depolarisation phase but increased over control values after restoration of the transmembrane potential.

Der Nachweis verschiedener Erythrozytenpopulationen bei der Ratte

Zusammenfassung1.Auf Grund der Analyse der Volumenverteilungskurven von Rattenerythrozyten lassen sich vom 1. bis 320. Tag nach der Geburt insgesamt 5 normalverteilte, volumenmäßig unterscheidbare Erythrozytenpopulationen nachweisen. Bei der Geburt sind 3 Populationen I bis III vorhanden, die durch linearen Volumenverlust mit der Zeit immer kleiner werden und bei einem kritischen mittleren Volumen von etwa 36μ3 aus der Zirkulation verschwinden. Der Volumenverlust ist sehr wahrscheinlich einer morphologisch nachweisbaren Erythrozytenfragmentierung zuzuschreiben. In der Zeit vom 20. bis 24. Tag nach der Geburt treten 2 neue Populationen IV und V auf, von denen die Population V die Endbevölkerung darstellt, während der Anteil von Population IV um den 84. Tag so gering wird, daß sie nicht mehr mit Sicherheit nachweisbar ist.2.Das Auftreten und Verschwinden mehrerer Erythrozytenpopulationen führt zwischen dem 18. und 31. Tag nach der Geburt zu vorübergehenden Einbrüchen im Kurvenverlauf bei verschiedenen Erythrozytenparametern im Blut, nicht aber zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Gewichtszunahme der Tiere. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß es sich beim Auftreten und Verschwinden der verschiedenen in ihrer Funktion und Herkunft noch weitgehend unbekannten Erythrozytenpopulationen um physiologische Regelungsvorgänge handelt.Summary1.The volume distribution curves of erythrocytes from rats of ages from 1 to 320 days were analysed. Five populations of erythrocytes, possessing different volumes, were observed. All populations showed a Gaussian distribution. The populations I, II and III are present at birth. They show a linear loss in cell volume and disappear from circulation when the mean cellular volume approaches about 36μ3. The volume loss is probably due to erythrocyte fragmentation. From day 20 to 24 after birth, two new populations IV and V appear. Population IV disappears at about 84 days of age; population V is the final erythrocyte population.2.Between 18 to 31 days after birth the appearance and disappearance of several erythrocyte populations in the blood is accompanied by a marked drop in microhematocrit, hemoglobin and eruthrocyte/mm3, the weight increase of the rat, which is a sensitive indicator of an undisturbed growth, is not affected.3.It is concluded that the appearance and disappearance of different rat erythrocyte populations of yet unknown origin and function, reflect physiological regulation mechanisms.

Significant correlations between certain spectra of atmospherics and different biological and pathological parameters

Atmospherics are very short naturally occurring electromagnetic impulses of between 4 and 50 kHz. In this review we summarize our results concerning the correlations between certain spectra of atmospherics and several biological and pathological parameters.

Regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

After partial hepatectomy the low proliferation rate of hepatocytes increases dramatically. This is based on a feed-back system whose central link is a liver cell proliferation hormon, the so-called hepatopoietin. The hormon originates from the Peyers patches: after their resection, the liver cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy decreases by about 80%. Hepatopoietin effects organ specific but species nonspecific.

Die elektrische Volumenmessung von Blutzellen bei der Erythropoese, bei Rauchern, Herzinfarkt- und Leukmiepatienten sowie von Leberzellkernen

The use of an improved electrical particle-sizing apparatus has enabled different erythrocyte populations to be demonstrated in newborn rats, mice, and guinea pigs. An increased tendency toward aggregation of erythrocytes was found in patients with myocardial infarction and in smokers. The peripheral blood of patients with leukemia and Hodgkins disease displayed characteristic changes in the proportion of small lymphocytes and granulocytes. Two further populations of cell nuclei, in addition to di-, tetraand octoploid cell nuclei, were distinguished in rat liver.

Significant correlations between atmospherics and the in vivo incorporation of 3H−thymidine into the nuclear DNA of liver cells

In the past years our group has described highly significant correlations between four diseases and respective spectra of natural atmospherics. In detail, a correlat ion r = 0.30 exists between the positive difference of 28 k H z 1 0 kHz atmospherics, and r = 0 . 2 0 between the positive difference of 10 k H z 2 8 kHz impulses and the onset of epileptic fits [1]. Fur thermore 28-kHz atmospherics have a correlat ion r = 0.15 with heart infarcts [2]. The relation between the onset of sudden deafness and atmospherics is especially interesting: the impulse spectrum two nights before the respective day is important , while the impulses of the day itself have no significant statistical relation. This means that the human organism seems to have a biomagnet ic memory [3]. Finally, we found a high correlat ion between 8and 10-kHz atmospherics and the inf lammat ion react ion of rats after a carrageenan inject ion [4, 5]. The question of the mechanisms of these correlations cannot be answered at present. However, we now refer to a new observat ion which may help to solve this question in future. In our studies of the specific liver cell prol iferat ion hormone hepatopoiet in (Hp) [6], we injected i .p . into four mice Hp extract for testing on prol i ferat ion activity and calculated the mean of the 3H-thymidine incorpora t ion into the D N A of liver cell nuclei in compar ison with the mean value of four control animals which had been given an i .p . injection of saline. In the course of these investigations, it was striking that the values of the controls in themselves were similar; however, the mean at different days differed considerably even though we always observed precisely

Biological and clinical relevance of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).

ZusammenfassungDie erste Isolierung und Charakterisierung eines Lymphokins, des menschlichen MIF (MSF), und die Gewinnung eines spezifischen MIF (MSF)-Antikörpers eröffnen die Möglichkeit, neue Parameter für die Bestimmung zellulärer Immunmechanismen bei verschiedenen klinischen Situationen zu gewinnen. Die genaue quantitative Bestimmung mit empfindlichen immunochemischen Techniken könnte einen Einblick in die Pathogenese verschiedener klinischer Erkrankungen ermöglichen. Zusätzlich könnte der quantitativen Bestimmung von MIF in Körperflüssigkeiten eine prognostische Bedeutung zukommen.SummaryThe first isolation and characterization of a lymphokine, the human MIF (MSF), and the availability of a specific MIF (MSF)-antibody provide an opportunity to establish a new parameter for detection of cellular immune mechanisms in various clinical situations. The precise estimation of quantitative amounts of MIF by sensitive immunochemical techniques could gain new insights into the pathogenesis of a number of clinical disorders. In addition, the exact detection of quantitative amounts of MIF in body fluids could have prognostic value.

The efficacy of neuraminidase treatment in studies on red cell aging

ZusammenfassungEs wurde ein in vitro-System entwickelt, in dem die Tendenz von Rattenerythrozyten (RE) gemessen wurde, entweder nach einer in vivo-Alterung oder einer in vitro-Oberflächenveränderung durch homologe peritoneale Makrophagen phagozytiert zu werden. Wurden „alte“, dichtere RE in Fraktionen auf Basis ihrer Dichte aufgetrennt, so war die Phagozytose von „alten“ RE wesentlich ausgeprägter als jene von „jüngeren“ Zellen. Die Neuraminidase-Behandlung von RE führte zu einer hochgradigen Phagozytose im Vergleich zu den Normalkontrollen der gesamten Zellpopulation oder „alten“ Zellen. Eine Galaktose-Oxydase-Behandlung von neuraminidasebehandelten RE brachte keinen Schutz gegenüber den Makrophagen. Im Gegensatz dazu führte die Behandlung von RE mit Neuraminidase, die an Sepharose-4B festgebunden ist, zwar zu einer Entfernung bis zu ∼25% der gesamten membrangebundenen Neuraminsäure, ergab jedochkeine über den Kontrollwerten liegende Phagozytose. Daraus folgt, da man bei der Interpretation von Experimenten mit Neuraminidase sehr vorsichtig sein mu, wenn das Enzym dafür verwendet werden soll, künstlich „gealterte“ RE zu erzeugen.SummaryAn in vitro system was developed to test the propensity of rat erythrocytes (RBC) toward phagocytosis by homologous peritoneal macrophages after in vivo aging or after in vitro surface modification. “Old” RBC obtained from erythrocyte populations separated into fractions on the basis of their density were found to be phagocytosed to a significantly greater extent than cells obtained from “young” cell fractions. Neuraminidase treatment of RBC resulted in extensive phagocytosis in comparison to control cells representing the whole population or “old” cells. Galactose oxidase treatment of neuraminidase treated RBC afforded no protection from uptake by macrophages. In contrast, treatment of RBC with neuraminidase immobilized on Sepharose 4B, leading to removal of up to ∼25% of the total membrane sialic acid, did not lead to phagocytosis above control values. These results indicate that extreme caution is necessary in the interpretation of experiments in which neuraminidase is utilized to produce simulated “aged” RBC.

Hemmung des Carrageenan-induzierten entzündlichen Rattenpfotenödems durch systemische Applikation von Rattenfibrinogen und -fibrinopeptiden

SummaryThe acute inflammatory rat paw oedema induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan was significantly inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of rat fibrinogen, intraperitoneal and intracardial injection of fibrinopeptides A and B. In contrast the fibrin split products derived from plasmin digestion proved to be ineffective.The acute inflammatory rat paw oedema induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan was significantly inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of rat fibrinogen, intraperitoneal and intracardial injection of fibrinoepetides A and B. In contrast the fibrin split products derived from plasmin digestion proved to be ineffective.