G. Seegmüller

The Programming Language Ada Reference Manual

Lexical elements.- Declarations and types.- Names and expressions.- Statements.- Subprograms.- Packages.- Visibility rules.- Tasks.- Program structure and compilation issues.- Exceptions.- Generic units.- Representation clauses and implementation-dependent features.- Input-output.

Declarations and Types

This chapter describes the types in the language and the rules for declaring constants, variables, and named numbers.

Program Structure and Compilation Issues

The overall structure of programs and the facilities for separate compilation are described in this chapter. A program is a collection of one or more compilation units submitted to a compiler in one or more compilations. A compilation unit can be a subprogram declaration or body, a package declaration or body, a generic declaration, or a subunit, that is, the body of a subprogram, package, or task declared within another compilation unit.

Generic Program Units

Subprograms and packages can be generic. Generic program units are templates of program units and are often parameterized. Being templates, they cannot be used directly as ordinary subprograms or packages; for example a generic subprogram cannot be called. Instances (that is, copies) of the template are obtained by generic instantiation. The resulting subprograms and packages are ordinary program units, which can be used directly.

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Representation Specifications and Implementation Dependent Features

Representation specifications specify how the types of the language are to be mapped onto the underlying machine. Mappings acceptable to an implementation do not alter the net effect of a program. They can be provided to give more efficient representation or to interface with features that are outside the domain of the language (for example, peripheral hardware).