G. Sridhar

Mobile DRM for multimedia content commerce in P2P networks

In this paper, the requirements for multimedia content sharing among Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are investigated and novel business models along with Digital Rights Management (DRM) solutions are proposed. In the current approach, to provide least intrusion and interference for end content consumers, content providers are not involved in the communications or peer transactions of P2P networks after the multimedia content are sold to the peer users. Peer users may legally trade or exchange their content within the P2P network via the proposed Ticket and Credit based Multimedia Commerce (T&C Commerce) system. The aim of this DRM research is to set new business models for multimedia content owners and retailers to benefit from the massive power of content distribution of P2P networks with least intrusion and interference to end consumer’s privacy and anonymity.

Characterization and relative response factor determination of process related impurity in Naproxen by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

In the impurity profile of naproxen around 0.6% unknown polar impurity was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The product ion spectrum of the impurity and Naproxen was recorded in LCMS/MS and the fragmentation pattern of the impurity was observed to be similar to the fragmentation pattern of Naproxen with only a difference of two atomic mass units. The high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS) of the impurity displayed a protonated molecular ion at m/z 229.0863, which corresponds to the pseudomolecular formula C(14)H(13)O(3)(+). Based on LC/MS/MS, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR data, the structure of the impurity was characterized as 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid. The acrylic acid impurity was synthesized in the laboratory and co injected in HPLC to confirm the retention time. RRF of the impurity was determined by (1)H NMR method and also by conventional HPLC slope method and the RRF values are found to be 6.11 and 5.64, respectively. The values are comparable and (1)H NMR method of RRF determination is complimentary and can be effectively used as an alternative method to conventional HPLC method especially in early stages of development when availability of impurity standards is not possible.

Bandwidth and latency model for DHT based peer-to-peer networks under variable churn

Distributed Hash table (DHT) based peer-to-peer (P2P) algorithms are very promising for their efficient routing performance. However, most commercial P2P systems do not adapt DHT algorithms due to reasons like routing information maintenance overhead, considerable network traffic and increased P2P system complexity in a highly dynamic environment. The dynamics of peer participation (churn) is an inherent property of P2P systems that should be incorporated in the design and evaluation of DHT-based structured P2P overlay networks. In this paper, we study the effect of variable churn on DHT updation and lookup latency due to non-uniform bandwidth nodes randomly joining and leaving the P2P network. We further study the effect of non-uniform node bandwidth in handling churn related DHT communications, flash crowd requests and study the tradeoff between bandwidth and latency for evaluating DHT performance during variable churn. We employ a modified Pareto distribution to determine probability of node liveness based on its current lifetime in the P2P network.

DMW — A Middleware for Digital Rights Management in Peer-to-Peer Networks

Enforcing DRM in collaborative, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks comprising different types of user devices is a challenging task as it is difficult to monitor the network operations in a P2P network that is not governed by any rules. In such a scenario, efficient revenue generation for the content service providers for distributed content, prevention of unauthorized copying and distribution, and maintaining anonymity of the peers are some of the main challenges. In this paper, we present a middleware for DRM enforcement in P2P like network comprising mobile and static devices that exchange content among themselves. Most of the middleware modules discussed in the literature address the issues of content management. The proposed middleware provides a trusted environment for DRM enforcement in P2P like network

Stent implantation of patent ductus arteriosus in a newborn baby

Duct-dependant circulation in a newborn baby presents as a life-threatening emergency. Neonates with pulmonary valve atresia or aortic valve atresia are born normal at birth. Their circulation is maintained through flow in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). These patients can survive only if duct patency is reliably maintained for sometime before they can be taken up for staged cardiac surgical repair. We present a newborn baby who had tricuspid valve atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle with pulmonary valve atresia and was duct dependant. Baby was successfully managed with ductal stenting.