Gabriel Adrián Sarriés

Bulk tank milk composition from Brazilian herds distributed by its somatic cell count

A survey on the somatic cell count (SCC), fat, protein, lactose and total solids percentages on bulk tank milk samples, from December 1996to July 1998, was used to characterize the milk composition as determined by SCC. Data of 4785 from the database were classified according to the SCC, in four groups (Group 1, SCC 1.500 thousand cells/mL). A descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and multiple mean tests were applied to the groups. Increases on the group classes were associated with increases on concentration and standard deviation and decreases on protein and lactose concentrations. Despite of the no significance, the total solids tended to decrease as group classes increase. The bulk tank milk samples with higher SCC had greater fat percentages, lower protein and lactose percentages and the same total solids percentages. The significant changes in the milk component contents occur above 1.000.000 cells/ml for fat and 500 thousand cells/ml for protein and lactose. Bulk tank groups with greater SCC have greater variability in milk component compositions.

Somatic cell count and production characteristics of lactating Holstein cows

Subclinical mastitis results in the decrease of milk and fat production. This disease is detected using somatic cell counts. The objective of this study was to quantify the relation of somatic cell levels, transformed into linear score (LS), and the production of milk and fat during 305 days of lactation, peak milk production, and the lactation duration time of Holstein cattle. Data were gathered concerning 147 closed lactations of Holstein cows (83 primiparous and 64 multiparous) from a confined herd in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Statistical analyses were performed through the general linear model procedure. The productive characteristics of multiparous, but not primiparous cows, were affected acording to the linear score. An increase in the average linear score during lactation resulted in the decrease of fat and milk production in the 305 days of lactation. The increase in the average linear score at the beginning of the lactation period resulted in a decrease of milk production at the peak of lactation.

Somatic cells in milk of brazilian herds

A survey of data of the Lactation Physiology Laboratory of ESALQ - USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil was performed to characterize the somatic cell count (SCC) of herds. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze results of 7941 records collected between December 1996 and July 1998. The SCC mean was 641 thousand cells mL-1, standart deviation 767 thousand cells mL-1. The log2 transformation was also applied to SCC values, a new mean was calculated and then again transformed into SCC (307 thousand cells mL-1). This was the best way to present the real SCC values of the herds. The population of herds are distributed according to SCC count, considering the SCC limits of 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 e 1500 thousand cells mL-1, in the following percentages: 26, 53, 71, 83, 89, 93%. The quartiles of the samples were 25, 50, 75, 90, 95, 99 e 100% showing 244, 468, 815, 1302, 1797, 4099, 9223 thousand cells mL-1 respectively.

Efeito de revestimentos comestíveis na conservação de mamões minimamente processados

Summary The experiment evaluated the effects of carbohydrate-based coatings on the microbiological, physical, physical-chemical and sensory properties of the fresh cut (FC) Formosa papaya stored under refrigeration. After treatment with calcium chloride, peeled and sliced portions of the fruit were immersed in 3.0% rice starch (RS), 0.5% sodium alginate (SA) and 0.25% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solutions, and stored at 5 °C and 90% RH. The products were assessed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of storage. The use of the RS, SA and CMC-based coatings for TC papaya resulted in lower total coliform counts than presented by the control sample. The papaya coated with RS and CMC showed decreased and increased respiration rates, respectively. The coated samples showed lower soluble solid contents, with decreased pH values after storage day 9, and the use of CMC as a coating resulted in increased pulp firmness on day 15. Variations in the colour parameters (Luminosity, Hue and Chroma) did not compromise the sensory quality of the TC papaya, and the sensory attributes of the coated samples did not differ from the control samples throughout the 15 days of experimentation. Since most of the positive results were shown on days 12 and 15, and considering the costs of this technology and price of the coatings, for periods of up to 9 days the best option consists of simply sanitizing the fruits, as done with the control samples. If aiming to preserve the shelf life of the papaya slices for a longer period of time (namely, up to 15 days), the above coatings may show satisfactory results so long as the storage conditions described here are accurately reproduced.

Macro, minor and trace elements in bovine milk from two Brazilian dairy regions

Brazil started to export dairy products in the early 2000s and since then has slowly consolidated its position in the world dairy market. To ensure the position in the international market by improving the quality of milk produced in the country, the government created a national program and a network of laboratories for milk quality. The Normative Instruction 51 (Instrução Normativa 51—IN51) was introduced within the national program establishing parameters for milk quality and safety. In spite of not being included in the IN51, chemical elements are under thorough discussion as quality parameters for their nutritional and toxicological relevance. This work aimed at evaluating the quality of milk from one of the major dairy regions in Brazil, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, by the determination of chemical elements, comparing the results with those previously obtained for milk samples from the main dairy region of the country, in the state of Minas Gerais. Samples were collected from cooling tanks in nineteen dairy farms. After freeze drying, chemical elements were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For ten out of sixteen chemical elements determined, there were significant differences between samples from both producing regions (pxa0<xa00.01).

Chemical Elements in Organic and Conventional Sweet Oranges

This work focuses on the determination of chemical elements in sweet oranges of variety Valencia produced under organic and conventional systems using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution of chemical elements was variable among the fruit parts with usually higher concentrations of Br, Ca, Ce, K, La, Na, Rb, and Sc in the peel. However, K, Na, and Rb also presented high values in the juice samples, while Fe and Zn were higher in the seeds. Differences between organic and conventional oranges were found for Br and Cu.

Exatidão de posicionamento de um receptor GPS, operando sob diferentes coberturas vegetais

Para avaliar a exatidao de posicionamento planimetrico do receptor GPS Trimble/Pro-XL, operando sob diferentes condicoes de cobertura vegetal (pastagem, seringueira, eucalipto e pinus), o equipamento foi posicionado alternadamente sobre 6 pontos, locados ao acaso nas areas de estudo, variando o tempo de permanencia (1 , 5 e 10 min) mas com a mesma taxa de aquisicao de dados (1 s) fazendo-se, posteriormente, a correcao diferencial (DGPS) pos-processada dos dados. Os pontos tambem tiveram suas coordenadas levantadas pelo metodo topografico, segundo a NBR 13133 - Execucao de Levantamento Topografico, para fins de comparacao. De acordo com o metodo empregado e os resultados obtidos, foi possivel separar as exatidoes de posicionamento planimetrico, conforme o tipo de cobertura vegetal, em dois grupos: sem e com cobertura arborea confirmando, assim, a interferencia do dossel na recepcao dos sinais emitidos pelos satelites GPS. O aumento do tempo de permanencia melhorou a exatidao de posicionamento planimetrico, o que ratifica a escolha da metodologia de levantamento como sendo fundamental para a obtencao de bons resultados de posicionamento.

Tobacco Element Composition Determined by INAA

Inorganic components were surveyed of some Brazilian cigarette tobacco by INAA. Sixteen different brands were taken from the consumer market and analyzed for As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sr and Zn elements. Comparisons between the results from this work and those originated from several cigarette tobacco producing countries, indicate significant variation in the levels of some elements.

Clean energy from sugarcane bagasse: quality evaluation by neutron activation analysis

The energy from sugarcane is one of the most important in Brazil’s energy matrix and the efficiency of extraction and processing is fully dependent on the quality of the raw material. The soil present in sugarcane was investigate here as a factor that can affect the production of energy. Chemical elements (Fe, Hf, Sc and Th) determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis were used for tracing soil in sugarcane and its derived bagasse. The lower calorific value (LCV) of bagasse demonstrated a good negative correlation (rxa0=xa0−0.9727) with the ash content of the bagasse, which in turn was positively correlated to the amount of soil in the sugarcane. Therefore, the presence of soil reduces the production of energy from burning bagasse. The proportion of loss in the LCV was just slightly higher than the soil content, i.e. for an soil content of 10xa0% a reduction of 12.7xa0% was observed in the LCV.

A correlação de métodos dexa e cdexa em absortimetria mineral óssea

OBJECTIVE: To study the interchangeability of the bone mineral density results between Hologic® dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Cromox® computed dual energy conventional x-ray absorptiometry (CDEXA) equipments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight femoral necks and 31 lumbar spines of 43 patients underwent bone mineral density measured by both equipments in a diagnostic imaging center. The Cromox® equipment was calibrated with a reference Cromox® phantom for bone absorptiometry. RESULTS: A strong correlation between results obtained from the two devices was found for each skeletal site. The linear correlation coefficient measured for the right femoral neck was r = 0.920, p 0.95. For both sites, the arithmetic mean difference in Tscore between devices is low - least than the lowest significant variance.