Gabriel Pádua da Silva

Stomatognathic function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case–control study

This study aimed to analyse electromyographic activity, masticatory efficiency, muscle thickness, and bite force of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Functional analysis of the stomatognathic system in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

PURPOSE To understand the effects of HIV type 1 on the function of the masticatory muscles. METHODS Sixty individuals were selected from both genders, aged between 22 and 57years (mean 36.77±9.33years), and divided into two groups: Group HIVG, 30 individuals with HIV subtype 1, and Group CG, 30 healthy individuals (control group). The individuals were submitted to assessments of their masticatory muscle activity, biting strength and thickness of the masticatory muscles by means of electromyography, maximal molar bite force and ultrasound imaging, respectively. The resultant data were statistically analyzed by t-tests (p<0.05). RESULTS The HIVG normalized EMG data from a mandibular rest position, protrusion, right and left laterality movement of the jaw showed that HIVG presented a relative increase in EMG activity compared to the CG. The HIVG had a lower masticatory cycle ability while chewing Parafilm M®, Raisins and Peanuts when compared to CG. During rest conditions, the ultrasound images showed a greater average muscular thickness in the right and left temporal region compared to CG. Upon maximal voluntary contraction, an increased average thickness was seen in the temporalis muscles and left sternocleidomastoid muscle when compared to the CG. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome showed muscular changes related to the stomatognathic system, especially concerning EMG activity and muscle thickness.

Analysis of Endodontist Posture Utilizing Cinemetry, Surface Electromyography and Ergonomic Checklists

The postural risk factors for dentists include the ease of vision in the workplace, cold, vibration and mechanical pressure in tissues, incorrect posture, functional fixity, cognitive requirements and work-related organizational and psychosocial factors. The objective was to analyze the posture of endodontists at the workplace. Eighteen right-handed endodontists aged 25 to 60 years (34±3) participated in the study. Electromyography, kinemetry, ergonomic scales (RULA and Coutos checklist) and biophotogrammetry were used to analyze the posture of endodontists during root canal treatment of the maxillary right first and second molars using rotary and manual instrumentation. The variations observed in the electromyographic activities during the performance of rotary and manual techniques suggest that the fibers of the longissimus region, anterior and medium deltoid, medium trapezium, biceps, triceps brachii, brachioradialis and short thumb abductor muscles underwent adaptations to provide more accurate functional movements. Computerized kinemetry and biophotogrammetry showed that, as far as posture is concerned, rotary technique was more demanding than the manual technique. In conclusion, the group of endodontists evaluated in this study exhibited posture disorders regardless of whether the rotary or manual technique was used.

The effects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on the performance of the stomatognathic system: case–control study

The above article, published online on 13 February 2015 in Wiley Online Library Early View (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal editors, Bernard Dan and Peter Rosenbaum, the MacKeith Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been made due to concerns relating to the validity of the EMG methodology and its interpretation, which affect the results of the paper.

Association between the Paraplegia and Athletics Sports In The Upper Limbs, Posture and Stomatognathic System

Physical or sports activities for the disabled provides an opportunity to test limits and potential, prevent secondary deformities and promote social integration of individuals. This study examined the effects of paraplegia on the posture and upper limbs in practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activities. Twenty individuals (25 to 45 years), were selected and divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1), 5 paraplegic individuals with neurological injury in the lumbar structures (L1-L5), who were not practicing any sports, Group 2 (G2), 5 paraplegic individuals with neurological injury in the lumbar structures (L1-L5) who were sports practitioners (professional athletics) and Group 3 (G3) (control group), consisting of 10 healthy individuals. The individuals were submitted to assessments utilizing biophotogrammetry following a passive referential protocol: manubrium of the sternum, acromion, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, styloid process of the radius, 7th cervical vertebra (C7) and upper and lower angles of the scapula. The evaluations were completed by scoring the postural impairment patterns according to the New York posture rating. Finally they were submitted to an electromyography, bite force and ultrasound analyses. The statistical analysis was performed utilizing ANOVA (SPSS 17.0, p<0.05). The biophotogrammetry shows that in shoulder a postural symmetrical pattern for all of the groups. For left and right elbow, G1 exhibited a larger loading angle; for the scapula, G1 presented a greater external rotation on the right side compared to the left side. In the New York posture rating, a greater threshold of postural changes was observed for G3. The electromyography, bite force and ultrasound images, showed that paraathletes exhibited greater changes in the functional masticatory system. The paraplegia, regardless of its association with athletic endeavors, did not lead to relevant functional changes in posture or in the upper limbs. However, observed a functional change in the performance of the stomatognathic system.

Evaluation of the electromyographic fatigue of the masseter and temporalis muscles in individuals with osteoporosis

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic fatigue of the masseter and temporalis muscles in individuals with and without osteoporosis. Methods Median frequency of the initial, mid, and final periods of the electromyographic signal in the 33 subjects with osteoporosis (OG) and 33 subjects without osteoporosis [control (CG)] was analyzed. Results OG showed a decrease in median frequency along the electromyographic signal, with a significant difference for the right masseter: initial vs. mid periods, initial vs. final periods; left masseter: initial vs. final periods; temporal (right and left): initial vs. mid periods, initial vs. final periods, and mid vs. final periods. Percentage comparison of median frequency between the initial and mid periods and between initial and final periods in the OG showed a significant difference in the masticatory muscles. Discussion The findings suggest that osteoporosis is associated with changes in the function of masticatory muscles, especially when measured by electromyographic fatigue.

Comparative Analysis of Angles and Movements Associated with Sporting Gestures in Road Cyclists

Objective: To compare the angles of both hemibodies and movements associated with sporting gestures in road cyclists. Methods: Fifteen right-handed male road cyclists, with a mean age of 27 ± 4.25 years, participated in the study. Subjects who were younger than 18 years old or were previously diagnosed with posture impairment, motor disorders, and cognitive or mental deficits were excluded. Measurement procedures were performed using biophotogrammetry and kinemetry to analyze the angles and biomechanics of sporting gestures during the activities. Results: Based on the results of biophotogrammetry, the angles measured showed symmetry among the participants. The kinematics analysis revealed that the trunk flexion did not show any significant differences between the angles when the sporting gestures were performed. When the triple maximum flexion of the lower limbs and the maximum extension of the lower limbs were analyzed, a statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the angles in both sitting and standing positions was found. However, the results showed a direct association with the desired physiological movement, which did not affect the function. Conclusion: The results showed that the biomechanics of the angles between both hemibodies and the sporting gestures in cyclists were not affected. This finding is directed in particular to the implementation and planning of training practices that will raise the awareness among cyclists of their bodies and the appropriate adjustments of the bicycle components.