Gabriela Topa

Theory of planned behavior and smoking: meta-analysis and SEM model

To examine if the theory of planned behavior (TPB) predicts smoking behavior, 35 data sets (N = 267,977) have been synthesized, containing 219 effect sizes between the model variables, using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach (MASEM). Consistent with the TPB’s predictions, 1) smoking behavior was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r = 0.30), 2) intentions were based on attitudes (weighted mean r = 0.16), and subjective norms (weighted mean r = 0.20). Consistent with TPB’s hypotheses, perceived behavioral control was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r = −0.24) and behaviors (weighted mean r = −0.20) and it contributes significantly to cigarette consumption. The strength of the associations, however, was influenced by the characteristics of the studies and participants.

Retirement and Wealth Relationships: Meta-analysis and SEM

Meta-analytic procedures were used to examine relationships between objective income (OI), perceived adequacy of income, and retirement and their consequences. The authors’ review of the literature generated 90 independent samples obtained from 71 primary studies with 115,129 participants, which provided 136 independent effect sizes (ESs). A high effect size (r = .37) was found for the subjective income–retirement planning relation and a medium ES (r = .29) for the OI–retirement planning relation. Regarding retirement consequences, both objective and subjective incomes were positively related to retirement adjustment indicators, with low ES for OI–life satisfaction, OI–retirement income satisfaction, and retirement satisfaction. Structural equation analysis using the pooled correlation matrix allowed testing a more complex model. Potential moderator variables were examined, and it was found that they explained only a small percentage of variability of primary studies. Results and theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

Stress and nurses' horizontal mobbing: Moderating effects of group identity and group support

Horizontal mobbing is a process of systematic and repeated aggression towards a worker by coworkers. Among others, stress has been pointed out as one of the antecedents that favors the onset of horizontal mobbing, whereas group support to the target could act as a buffer. Moreover, the social identity approach emphasizes that group identity is an antecedent of group support. This study explores the interaction of group support and group identity in the explanation of horizontal mobbing in a sample (N = 388) of registered nurses and licensed practical nurses employed at two large hospitals in Madrid and Navarre (Spain). The results show that stress is positively associated to horizontal mobbing, whereas group support and group identity were negative predictors of horizontal mobbing. Furthermore, the combination of low group identity and low group support precipitated HM among nurses.

Psychosocial factors in retirement intentions and adjustment: a multi-sample study

Purpose – Retirement adjustment is the process by which aged workers become accustomed to the changed facts of life in the transition from work to retirement and develop psychological well-being in their post-working life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial factors that significantly explain retirement intentions and retirement adjustment, using two separate empirical studies. Design/methodology/approach – Retirement self-efficacy, low work involvement, older worker identity and relative deprivation significantly explained retirement intentions (bridge employment engagement, part-time retirement, late retirement and full retirement) of workers over 60 years (Study 1, n=157). Retirement adjustment indices (retirement satisfaction, feelings of anxiety and depression) were associated with psychosocial factors for retirees (Study 2, n=218). Findings – The findings highlight that retirement self-efficacy and older worker identity positively and significantly explained both full retirement...

Identidad social, burnout y satisfacción laboral: estudio empírico basado en el modelo de la categorización del yo

Resumen Este estudio con trabajadores españoles de servicios de emergencias (N=151) pone a prueba un patrón de relaciones entre la identidad social, el burnout y la satisfacción laboral basadas en el modelo de la categorización del yo. Proponemos que la identificación organizacional y el burnout percibido tienen impacto directo en la satisfacción con los compañeros de trabajo y que ese impacto podría estar mediado por el apoyo social. Todas las relaciones pronosticadas se prueban simultáneamente usando las técnicas de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados de una serie de análisis efectuados con AMOS indican que el modelo postulado ajusta a los datos, pero que permanece una relación directa entre la identificación con el grupo y la satisfacción con los compañeros. Los resultados se discuten en orden a la integración conceptual y a la dirección de futuras intervenciones.

Early Retirement: A Meta-Analysis of Its Antecedent and Subsequent Correlates

Early or voluntary retirement (ER) can be defined as the full exit from an organizational job or career path of long duration, decided by individuals of a certain age at the mid or late career before mandatory retirement age, with the aim of reducing their attachment to work and closing a process of gradual psychological disengagement from working life. Given the swinging movements that characterize employment policies, the potential effects of ER—both for individuals and society—are still controversial. This meta-analysis examined the relationships between ER and its antecedent and subsequent correlates. Our review of the literature was generated with 151 empirical studies, containing a total number of 706,937 participants, with a wide range of sample sizes (from N = 27 to N = 127,384 participants) and 380 independent effect sizes (ESs), which included 171 independent samples. A negligible ES value for antecedent correlates of early retirement (family pull, job stress, job satisfaction, and income) was obtained (which ranged from r = −0.13 to 0.19), while a fair ES was obtained for workplace timing for retirement, organizational pressures, financial security, and poor physical and mental health, (ranging from r = 0.28 to 0.25). Regarding ER subsequent correlates, poor ESs were obtained, ranging from r = 0.08 to 0.18 for the relationships with subsequent correlates, and fair ESs only for social engagement (r = −0.25). Examination of the potential moderator variables has been conducted. Only a reduced percentage of variability of primary studies has been explained by moderators. Although potential moderator factors were examined, there are several unknown or not measurable factors which contribute to ER and about which there are very little data available. The discussion is aimed to offer theoretical and empirical implications suggestion in order to improve employees well-being.

Bridge employment quality and its impact on retirement adjustment: A structural equation model with SHARE panel data

Bridge employment refers to the workforce participation pattern displayed by older workers between their partial retirement and their complete withdrawal from the workforce. Based on Shultz’s (2003) model of antecedents and consequences of bridge employment, this article proposes a set of hypotheses, using SHARE panel data (N = 634) from Wave 1 (2004) and Wave 2 (2006). These data are analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM), testing both a direct effects model and a partial mediation model. Results show that bridge employment quality partially mediates the influences of T1 antecedents on T2 consequences. The implications of this study are discussed at both the theoretical and practical level.

Resource Loss and Gain, Life Satisfaction, and Health Among Retirees in Spain: Mediation of Social Support

Objective: This article focuses on retirement transition from the Conservation of Resources (COR) perspective to better understand how aged participants’ perceptions of retirement losses and gains significantly explain retirement well-being. In this article, the mediation of social support in the losses–well-being relationship is explored. Method: The study was conducted with a two-wave longitudinal design. Participants at T1 were aged Spanish workers (>64 years) and at T2 were retirees, with a final sample of 275, who had retired during the previous 6 months. Results: Findings supported the assertion that losses better explain well-being than gains. In addition, specific losses revealed a higher explaining power of life satisfaction and health complaints depending on their content. Social support mediated between perceived losses and well-being. Discussion: This study suggests that both perceived losses and gains associated with retirement and social support during retirement should be taken into account when addressing postretirement well-being.

Brief Retirement Self-Efficacy-11 Scale (BRSE-11) Factorial Structure and Validity

Retirement self-efficacy includes perceptions of the extent to which one will be capable of dealing with the tasks involved in the new retiree situation. This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Brief Retirement Self-Efficacy-11 Scale (BRSE-11) with Spanish workers aged below 62 (N = 694) and tested these properties with Spanish workers aged over 62 (N = 593). Method: We conducted descriptive analysis for the items and exploratory factor analysis with Sample 1 and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Sample 2. Cronbach’s α and CFA were used to assess the internal consistency in both samples, and convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the RSE-11 were tested through relationships with general self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Results: Reliability values were adequate, and criterion and discriminant validity for the three factors of the BRSE-11 were supported. BRSE had a significant correlation with general self-efficacy. The three BRSE-11 factors increased the explained variance in life satisfaction after the introduction of general self-efficacy in the hierarchical regression analyses.

Older Workers and Affective Job Satisfaction: Gender Invariance in Spain

Older employees’ affective job satisfaction is an aspect that arouses growing interest among researchers. Among the affective measures of job satisfaction, the Brief Index of Affective Job Satisfaction (BIAJS) is one of the most used in the last decade. This study is intended to the test the gender invariance of the BIAJS in two samples of workers over age 40 in Spain. The first sample, of 300 participants and the second sample, of 399 participants, have been used to test gender invariance of the BIAJS. In comparison with the original English version, the Spanish version of the BIAJS has adequate psychometric properties. The findings allow us to consider it a valid and reliable tool to assess older people’s affective expressions about their work. In addition, this study provides evidence of its factorial invariance as a function of gender.