Gedir de Oliveira Santos

Effect of soil contaminated by diesel oil on the germination of seeds and the growth of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) Seedlings

ABSTRACT The effect of soil polluted by diesel oil on the germination of seeds and the growth of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi seedlings was analyzed at different times after contamination of the soil. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, with four treatments and five repetitions. The four treatments included: soil contaminated 30 (T30), 90 (T90) or 180 (T180) days before planting as well as a non-polluted soil (T0) (control). Soil saturated to 50% of its maximum retention capacity (MRC) was contaminated with diesel oil at a rate of 92.4 mL per kg. The germination rate and germination speed index (GSI) were significantly affected only in T30. The development of the plants was affected significantly in all the treatments, with reductions of biomass and eophyll area. It could be concluded that diesel oil significantly affected the germination, GSI and seedling growth of S. terebinthifolius, but the toxic effect decreased over the time. Key words : Aroeira, biomass production, eophyll, residual contamination

Fitotoxicidade do solo contaminado por petróleo e biorremediado em Allophylus edulis

This study aimed to assess the effect of petroleum-contaminated and bioremediated soils on germination, growth and anatomical structure of Allophylus edulis. We tested oil-contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non-contaminated soil. We evaluated germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), biomass and length of roots and shoots, total biomass, root and hypocotyl diameter, thickness of eophylls and cotyledons, leaf area, eophyll stomatal index and seedling anatomy. Germination percentage, GSI, biomass and leaf area did not differ between treatments after 30 days. Root biomass and plant height were lower in the noncontaminated treatment. Root biomass and leaf area differed between treatments after 60 days. Thickness of cotyledons was higher in bioremediated soil than in other treatments. Root and eophyll structure showed little variation in contaminated soil. We conclude that A. edulis was not affected by petroleum in contaminated and bioremediated soils and that this species has potential for phytoremediation.This study aimed to assess the effect of petroleum-contaminated and bioremediated soils on germination, growth and anatomical structure of Allophylus edulis. We tested oil-contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non-contaminated soil. We evaluated germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), biomass and length of roots and shoots, total biomass, root and hypocotyl diameter, thickness of eophylls and cotyledons, leaf area, eophyll stomatal index and seedling anatomy. Germination percentage, GSI, biomass and leaf area did not differ between treatments after 30 days. Root biomass and plant height were lower in the noncontaminated treatment. Root biomass and leaf area differed between treatments after 60 days. Thickness of cotyledons was higher in bioremediated soil than in other treatments. Root and eophyll structure showed little variation in contaminated soil. We conclude that A. edulis was not affected by petroleum in contaminated and bioremediated soils and that this species has potential for phytoremediation.

Efeito do solo contaminado com óleo diesel na estrutura da raiz e da folha de plântulas de Sebastiania commersoniana (Euphorbiaceae) e Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae)

ABSTRACT Eff ect of diesel contaminated soil on root and leaf of Sebastiania commersoniana (Euphorbiaceae) and Schinus ter-ebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae)). Th e objective of this study was to evaluate whether the diesel contaminated soil alters the structure of the root and eophyll of S. commersoniana (Euphorbiaceae) and S. terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) seedlings. For each species three treatments with contaminated soil were tested, and compared to a control of un-contaminated soil. Th e treatments diff ered by the time between contaminations and sowing. S. commersoniana was sown 60, 120 and 210 days and S. terebinthifolius 30, 90 and 180 days aft er contamination. Samples of root and eophyll were collected 30 days aft er sowing and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Seedlings of S. commersoniana and S. terebinthifolius , grown in diesel contaminated soil, had their root and eophyll anatomy modifi ed. Th e time interval between contamination and sowing interferes with the soil phytotoxicityl. When greater the time interval between contamination and sowing lower were the anatomical changes. Seedlings of

Croton argenteus preparation inhibits initial growth, mitochondrial respiration and increase the oxidative stress from Senna occidentalis seedlings

Senna ocidentalis is a weed, native to Brazil, considered to infest crops and plantations, and is responsible for yield losses of several crops, particularly soybean. The aim of this work was to evaluate if the Croton argenteus extract and fractions possess phytotoxic activity on S. ocidentalis. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its hexanic (HF), chloroformic (CLF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions were tested in germination, growth, oxidative stress increase, Adenosine triphosphate, L-malate and succinate synthesis. The crude extract and its fractions slowed down the germination of S. ocidentalis and decreased the final percentage of germination. Oxidative stress was also increased in the seedlings, by an increase of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation; and it became clear that the ethyl acetate fraction was more phytotoxic. The results indicate that the crude extract and fractions of C. argenteus compromise the mitochondrial energy metabolism, by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production, with a decrease in the production of L-malate and succinate. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. argenteus showed high activity on germination and growth, and these effects take place by means of mitochondrial metabolism alterations and increase the oxidative stress, leading the seedling death.

Atividade alelopática dos lixiviados de Asemeia extraaxillaris (Polygalaceae) sobre o crescimento de Ipomoea cordifolia

The purpose of this article is to assess the allelopathic activity of leachates from the roots and dried leaves of Asemeia extraaxillaris on the germination and growth of corda de viola (Ipomoea cordifolia) in a greenhouse, and evaluate its effect on oxidative stress. For the bioassays, three concentrations (0.25, 5.00, and 10.00 g) and one control were used, with four replications of 10 plants, cultivated in soil for 30 days. The leachates exhibited allelopathic action, and the greatest effect was found in the root powder. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and the increase in oxidative stress was observed by the levels of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, and formazan synthesis. It was affirmed that A. extraaxillaris contains substances capable of affecting seedling emergence, growth, and oxidative stress in I. cordifolia.

Padrão de vascularização do rizoma de gengibre (Zingiber Officinale R)

The vascular system in the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) is arranged in three distinct systems: an inner system that form the principal vascular system of the rhizome, an intermediated system originating a thin camada of anastomosing vascular strands, having direct contact with the inner system and an outer system free of the anastomosis with the another vascular systems. The intermediated and inner system are associated with the root insertion and whole systems are relacioned with the formation of bud adventicious maintaing the same pattern of the rhizome and the communication between the outer and inner system occurs through the bridging to inner system leaf traces.