Geoffrey Woodard
Food and Drug Administration
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Advances in food research | 1951
Arnold J. Lehman; O.G. Fitzhugh; Arthur A. Nelson; Geoffrey Woodard
Publisher Summary This chapter presents a general plan for the pharmacological investigation, which permits a thorough appraisal of the toxicology of an antioxidant. Many compounds have been found to possess antioxidant properties, the more common compounds being gum guaiac, gallic acid, catechol, and hydroquinone. Naturally occurring antioxidants have received considerable attention, the purpose being to develop a nontoxic substance suitable for food use. Lecithin, cephalin, tocopherols, and products obtained from cereals, yeasts, sugars, and other food substances have been proposed. The criteria that are considered necessary for establishing the usefulness of a chemical as an antioxidant have been listed. Of the many chemicals proposed for antioxidant use and under active investigation, available pharmacological data on the compounds have been listed. The chapter tabulates a summary of the acute toxicity of the antioxidants. Chronic studies on propyl gallate have been conducted in animals such as guinea pigs and dogs, and lifetime feeding studies in rats have been carried out. The predominant pathologic lesions produced by the various antioxidants after lifetime feeding to rats have been summarized.
Chemical & Engineering News | 2010
John H. Draize; Geoffrey Woodard; O. Garth Fitzhugh; Arthur A. Nelson; R. Blackwell Smith; Herbert O. Calvery
PRESENTED here is a brief resume of the toxicological studies in this laboratory of the synthetic insecticide DDT ( 1 ). Detailed reports of these investigations will appear elsewhere ( 2, 3, 4 )· Experiments to determine the toxicity and action of DDT have been carried out along the following lines: Acute and subacute application to the akin of rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. Acute and subacute feeding to rats, mice, guinea pips, and chicks. Chronic feeding to rats and dogs. Skin irritation and sensitization. Pharmacological investigations as to the site and mode of action. Gross and microscopic pathology and blood studies of poisoned animals. Skin Application Solid. DDT in micronized powder form did not penetrate the intact rabbit skin sufficiently to produce signs of toxicity or irritation, perhaps because of the insoluble nature of this compound. Solution. When DDT in 30% solution in dimethyl phthalate was applied in single doses of 3.9, 6.0, and 9.4 ml. per ...
Archive | 1956
Arnold J. Lehman; Wilbur I. Patterson; Bernard Davidow; Ernest C. Hagan; Geoffrey Woodard; Edwin P. Laug; John P. Frawley; O. Garth Fitzhugh; Anne R. Bourke; John H. Draize; Arthur A. Nelson; Bert J. Vos
Die Menschheit ware langst ausgerottet, wenn der Organismus nicht die Fahigkeit besase, auch mit den meisten Giften fertig zu werden. Unsere Literaten bringen das gern zusammen mit der vielgeruhmten „Zahigkeit des Menschengeschlechts“, worunter zu verstehen ware, wenn etwa jemand besondere korperliche oder seelische Strapazen auf sich nehmen kann, ohne zu erkranken, oder wenn er wider Erwarten eine lebensgefahrliche Krankheit ubersteht. Diese Zahigkeit zeigt sich aber nicht darin, das etwa ein beruhmter Fusballspieler oder ein sonst notorisch zaher Mensch der Erkrankung entgehen wurde, wenn man ihm das Virus der infektiosen Gelbsucht einimpft. Die Zahigkeit im besonderen Fall einerVergiftung besteht nur darin, das in einem groseren Kollektiv von Menschen der empfindliche Mensch — der nicht der schwachliche Mensch zu sein braucht — eine kleinere Dosis dieses Giftes, der unempfindliche Mensch — der im ubrigen stark oder schwachlich sein kann — eine grosere Dosis notig hat, damit eine bestimmte Schadigung gesetzt wird; wird die Dosis genugend gesteigert, so kommen sie alle ums Leben, Zahe und Verweichlichte, Alte und Junge, Gesunde und Kranke, ebenso wie die Atomenenergie sich um diese Zahigkeit des Menschengeschlechts nicht viel kummert.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 1944
John H. Draize; Geoffrey Woodard; Herbert O. Calvery
Journal of the National Cancer Institute | 1953
Arthur A. Nelson; Geoffrey Woodard
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 1948
John H. Draize; Elsie Alvarez; Marie F. Whitesell; Geoffrey Woodard; E. Conway Hagan; Arthur A. Nelson
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry | 1948
Geoffrey Woodard; Bernard Davidow; Arnold J. Lehman
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 1950
Ernest C. Hagan; L. L. Ramsey; Geoffrey Woodard
Journal of Nutrition | 1948
Jack L. Radomski; Geoffrey Woodard; Arnold J. Lehman
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | 1944
Geoffrey Woodard; Arthur A. Nelson; Herbert O. Calvery; Virginia D. Johnson; Diana S. Kramer; Paul M. Jenner