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Featured researches published by Georg Braun.


Medizinische Klinik | 2013

Gastrointestinale Blutungen beim kardiologischen Patienten

Georg Braun; H. Messmann

ZusammenfassungGastrointestinale Blutungen unter neuen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) und/oder Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern (TAH) nehmen in ihrer Häufigkeit zu. Gastrointestinale Blutungen verlaufen unter dieser Medikation schwerer als ohne, wobei dies insbesondere bei der unteren gastrointestinalen Blutung der Fall zu sein scheint. Mit Einführung der NOAK entstand eine Unsicherheit im Umgang mit Blutungskomplikationen. Der Beitrag soll helfen, einen Algorithmus für den Umgang mit schweren gastrointestinalen Blutungen unter Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban und TAH zu etablieren. Für Blutungen unter Phenprocoumon per os stehen mit Phytomenandion und Prothrombinkonzentrat (PPSB) etablierte Therapieansätze zur Verfügung. Betont werden soll die Abhängigkeit der Halbwertszeit von Dabigatran von der Nierenfunktion. Bei der Festlegung der weiteren Vorgehensweise erscheinen Spiegelbestimmungen von Dabigatran und Rivaroxaban sinnvoll. Eine Messung der Thrombozytenfunktion sollte bei Blutungen unter TAH durchgeführt werden. Trotz geringer Evidenz wird aktuell bei Blutungen unter Dabigatran und Rivaroxaban eine hochdosierte PPSB-Gabe empfohlen. Bei schweren Blutungen unter TAH kann trotz normaler Thrombozytenzahl die Gabe von Thrombozytenkonzentraten erforderlich sein. Bei Blutungen unter Azetylsalizylsäure (ASS) soll die ASS-Gabe rasch fortgesetzt werden.AbstractOral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy are risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. GI bleeding—especially lower GI bleeding—seems to be associated with a poorer outcome. With the introduction of dabigatrane and rivaroxaban, difficulties in the management of bleeding complications arose. Thus, the goal of the authors was to establish a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the treatment of severe GI bleeding associated with rivaroxaban, dabigatrane, and antiplatelet therapy. Bleeding complications during phenprocoumon treatment should be treated with prothrombin complex concentrates and vitamin K1. Dabigatrane elimination is highly dependent to the renal function. The measurement of drug concentrations of dabigatrane and rivaroxaban is useful to indicate an increased risk of bleeding complications. Severe bleeding associated with dabigatrane or rivaroxaban therapy should trigger prothrombin complex therapy, whereby in cases with severe bleeding associated with antiplatelet therapy platelet transfusion should be initiated. Low-dose aspirin should be continued after 24xa0h.


Medizinische Klinik | 2017

Das akut-auf-chronische Leberversagen als diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung der Intensivmedizin@@@Acute-on-chronic liver failure: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for intensive care

P. Hübener; Georg Braun; V. Fuhrmann

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an emerging clinical syndrome in patients with underlying liver disease that is usually triggered by one or multiple insults and characterized by progressive hepatic and nonhepatic organ failure, axa0significant risk of infections, and high short-term mortality rates. Despite our incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, ACLF requires timely diagnostic and therapeutic measures aiming at the identification and elimination of causative factors as well as the prevention of complications to improve the prognosis of affected patients.ZusammenfassungDas akut-auf-chronische Leberversagen („acute-on-chronic liver failure“, ACLF) ist ein emergentes Krankheitssyndrom, das durch einen oder mehrere akute Trigger bei vorgeschädigter Leber ausgelöst wird und vom progressiven hepatalen und nichthepatalen Organversagen, einem gravierenden Risiko infektiöser Komplikationen sowie hoher kurzfristiger Letalität gekennzeichnet ist. Wenngleich pathophysiologisch noch weitgehend unverstanden erfordert das ACLF frühzeitige diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen, die sich auf zugrunde liegende Ursachen sowie das Verhindern von Komplikationen richten, um die Prognose betroffener Patienten zu verbessern.AbstractAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an emerging clinical syndrome in patients with underlying liver disease that is usually triggered by one or multiple insults and characterized by progressive hepatic and nonhepatic organ failure, axa0significant risk of infections, and high short-term mortality rates. Despite our incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, ACLF requires timely diagnostic and therapeutic measures aiming at the identification and elimination of causative factors as well as the prevention of complications to improve the prognosis of affected patients.


Medizinische Klinik | 2017

Extrakorporale Therapien bei Lebererkrankungen

Dominik Jarczak; Georg Braun; Valentin Fuhrmann

ZusammenfassungAkute sowie akut-auf-chronische Lebererkrankungen können verschiedene Ursachen haben und zu hepatalem und extrahepatalem Organversagen führen. Lebererkrankungen bestehen bei bis zu 20u2009% der kritisch kranken Patienten und führen zu einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität. Extrakorporale Verfahren sind in der Therapie dieser Erkrankungen häufig erforderlich. Diese umfassen konventionelle Nierenersatzverfahren, artifizielle und bioartifizielle Leberunterstützungsverfahren sowie Plasmaaustausch. In verschiedenen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien wurde bei artifiziellen Leberunterstützungsverfahren gezeigt, dass die Verfahren sicher sind und verschiedene Behandlungsvorteile, wie die Verbesserung der hepatischen Enzephalopathie und der Hämodynamik, bewirken. Ein Überlebensvorteil wurde in einzelnen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien für verschiedene Subgruppen beobachtet. In Gegensatz dazu wurde der Einsatz von konventionellen Nierenersatztherapien bei kritisch kranken Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen lediglich in retrospektiven Fallserien untersucht und war bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose mit sehr hohen Mortalitätsraten assoziiert. Zusammenfassend sind extrakorporale Therapien bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen und kritischer Erkrankung ein Eckpfeiler der therapeutischen Optionen. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten neben dem Vergleich der verschiedenen Verfahren den Zeitpunkt des Beginns, die Dauer von extrakorporalen Therapien sowie Kriterien der therapeutischen Futilität insbesondere bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose untersuchen.AbstractAcute and acute-on-chronic liver failure have different underlying causes and are associated with hepatic or extrahepatic organ failure. Depending on etiology, up to 20% of critically ill patients suffer from hepatic dysfunction, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Axa0variety of extracorporeal procedures including renal replacement therapies, artificial and bioartificial liver support, and plasma exchange are used in the management of patients with liver diseases. Several randomized controlled studies of artificial liver support and plasma exchange proved the safety of these procedures and demonstrated improvement of hepatic encephalopathy and hemodynamics. Axa0survival benefit could be observed in some of the randomized, controlled trials. In contrast, renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with liver diseases has been assessed in retrospective case series and was associated with high mortality rates in liver cirrhosis. In summary, extracorporeal therapies are axa0cornerstone of therapeutic options in critically ill patients with hepatic failure. In addition to the comparison of different procedures, future studies should assess the timing of initiation as well as duration, and identify criteria of therapeutic futility of extracorporeal therapies in this population.Acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure have different underlying causes and are associated with hepatic or extrahepatic organ failure. Depending on etiology, up to 20% of critically ill patients suffer from hepatic dysfunction, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Axa0variety of extracorporeal procedures including renal replacement therapies, artificial and bioartificial liver support, and plasma exchange are used in the management of patients with liver diseases. Several randomized controlled studies of artificial liver support and plasma exchange proved the safety of these procedures and demonstrated improvement of hepatic encephalopathy and hemodynamics. Axa0survival benefit could be observed in some of the randomized, controlled trials. In contrast, renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with liver diseases has been assessed in retrospective case series and was associated with high mortality rates in liver cirrhosis. In summary, extracorporeal therapies are axa0cornerstone of therapeutic options in critically ill patients with hepatic failure. In addition to the comparison of different procedures, future studies should assess the timing of initiation as well as duration, and identify criteria of therapeutic futility of extracorporeal therapies in this population.


Endoscopy | 2016

Endoscopic treatment of colonic diverticular bleeding using an over-the-scope clip

Andreas Probst; Georg Braun; Stefan Goelder; Helmut Messmann

A 73-year-old woman who was receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (acetylsalicylic acid and prasugrel) after coronary stenting presented with severe hematochezia. Immediate colonoscopy without bowel preparation, using a CF-HQ190I colonoscope (Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with a transparent cap (D-20114304, Olympus), revealed active and sustained bleeding from a diverticulum in the sigmoid colon (● Fig.1a). After the bleeding site had been marked with an endoclip (● Fig.1b), the colonoscope was removed. An over-the-scope clip (OTSC system set 12/6t, length 1650mm; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tubingen, Germany) was attached onto a gastroscope (GIF-1TQ160; Olympus), which was then reinserted. This change of scope was necessary because of the scope diameter needed for the OTSC system. The bleeding diverticulum was suctioned into the transparent cap of the OTSC system and the clip was released, which led to immediate cessation of the bleeding (● Fig.1c; ● Video 1). The procedure time was 15 minutes and the patient’s further course was uneventful. Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The identification of a bleeding diverticulum as the source is possible in about 20% of cases and makes endoscopic therapy possible [1]. Several endoscopic treatment methods, such as epinephrine injection, coagulation therapy, clipping, or band ligation, have been used. Treatment failures, complications, and episodes of rebleeding have been reported for all of these techniques and the ideal treatment method has not yet been defined [1–3]. The OTSC system has been developed for closure of perforations, leaks, and fistulas. Recently OTSCs have also been shown to be a highly effective treatment option for patients with severe GIB as a rescue therapy, but also for first-line treatment. Data are mainly restricted to nonvariceal upper GIB with limited data available on lower GIB [4]. Only a few case reports have described the use of OTSCs for diverticular bleeding in the duodenum and the colon [4,5]. Our case demonstrates that the OTSC system is an effective and easy-tohandle first-line treatment for severe colonic diverticular hemorrhage.


Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2015

Neue Therapieoptionen bei schwerer gastrointestinaler Blutung

Georg Braun; Helmut Messmann

The number of patients taking new oral anticoagulants is rising, so is the number of serious bleeding events. In severe bleeding, the decision to start a procoagulant therapy is difficult to take. With Idarucizumab and Andexanet Alfa, specific antidotes have been developed against both, direct thrombin inhibitors as well as direct Factor Xa inhibitors. In the endoscopic treatment of severe gastrointestinal bleeding, alternative treatment options are available with Hemospray™, Endoclot™ and new hemostasis clips. Especially in the recurrent ulcer bleeding, the newly developed clips can achieve hemostasis and prevent an operational procedure.


Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie | 2017

Positionspapier der DGVS zur endoskopischen Dekompression bei akutem Ileus

Martin Götz; Georg Braun; Ralf Jakobs; Helmut Messmann; Eduard F. Stange; Markus M. Lerch; für die Mitglieder der DGVS-Kommission im Anhang

In patients with ileus with dilated intestine in imaging studies, endoscopic decompression appears a feasible option. However, its use is often uncritical and without scientific evidence. Before considering endoscopic intervention, CT-imaging should differentiate between mechanical obstruction and paralytic ileus/intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Tumor diagnosis and localisation are essential because the latter determines the choice of the decompression procedure. Coecal dilatation of more than 12u200acm indicates an increased risk of perforation. In patients with toxic megacolon, dilation of the transverse colon to more than 6u200acm is considered critical without much prospective evidence. Endoscopic decompression has a high complication rate and should be performed electively, and not as an emergency procedure, whenever possible. The use of CO2 insufflation rather than ambient air is strongly recommended, as is the availability of fluoroscopy. Prior trans-nasal or oral decompression-tube placement is routinely performed, and tracheobronchial intubation frequently required. In over 90u200a% of patients with pseudo-obstruction, conservative treatment is successful within 24 to 48 hours, and endoscopic decompression is, therefore, unnecessary. Placement of self-expanding metal stents to decompress a tumor stenosis is considered mostly for the left colon and rectum and burdened with significant risks of perforation and stent migration. Stent impact on oncological outcome is controversial because of possible tumor cell mobilization and increased postoperative cancer recurrence rates. Surgery, as primary intervention, achieves its objective in most cases. Decompression effect by endoscopic suctioning of gas and intestinal fluid is usually transient so that it is combined with transrectal decompression tubes insertion. This paper reviews the advantages and flaws of various decompression procedures in different clinical settings.


Medizinische Klinik | 2017

Nicht im Ernst, GRC: Betreuung nach Reanimation ohne Intensivmediziner?

Valentin Fuhrmann; J. Grensemann; G. Beutel; Georg Braun; G. Söffker

Mit großem Interesse haben wir das rezenteKonsensuspapier „Qualitätsindikatoren und strukturelle Voraussetzungen für Cardiac-Arrest-Zentren – Deutscher Rat für Wiederbelebung/German Resuscitation Council (GRC)“ gelesen, das durch den GRC mit Zustimmung der Präsidien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Herzund Kreislaufforschung (DGK) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Internistische Intensivund Notfallmedizin (DGIIN) erstellt und parallel in den Zeitschriften Notfall+Rettungsmedizin (Ausgabe 3/2017), Der Anaesthesist (Ausgabe 5/2017), Medizinische Klinik – Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (Ausgabe 5/2017) und Der Kardiologe (Ausgabe 3/2017) publiziert wurde. UnterBerücksichtigungderangeführten allein 75.000 prähospitalen Reanimationen pro Jahr mit rund 40% erfolgreichen Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen ist es unseres Erachtens von zentraler Bedeutung und sehr unterstützenswert, klare wohlüberlegte Strukturvoraussetzungenzudefinieren, ummöglichst hohe Überlebensraten mit möglichst geringen Langzeitschäden der betroffenen Patienten mit zumeist internistischen Krankheitsbildern zu erreichen. Hierfür bedarf es hoher Qualitätsstandards in der Reanimationswie Postreanimationsphase. EineoptimaleBetreuungdieserPatienten bedingt die Berücksichtigung aller professionellen Fachkompetenzen zu jedem Zeitpunkt der gesamten Therapiephase. Im Konsensus wird unter Auflistung von Parametern der Struktur, Prozessund Ergebnisqualität angeführt, dass mittels umfangreicher technischer Ausrüstung, standardisierten Behandlungspfaden sowie standardisierter Protokollierung eine bestmögliche Patientenbetreuung insbesondere auch in der Postreanimationsphase gewährleistet werden soll. Dafür werden auch die nach Ansicht des GRC dafür erforderlichen „Fachdisziplinen“ definiert: 4 interventionelle Kardiologie, 4 Anästhesiologie, 4 Neurologie, 4 Unfallchirurgie (nur in Zentren, in denen auch Traumapatienten aufgenommen werden).


Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift | 2016

Aktuelle Therapieoptionen bei (schweren) gastrointestinalen Blutungen

Georg Braun; Andreas Probst; Helmut Messmann

With Idarucizumab, a specific antidote to antagonize the effect of dabigatran, is now available in severe bleeding complications under directly oral anticoagulants (DOAC). In endoscopic treatment of severe gastrointestinal bleeding are alternative treatment options also available with hemostasis sprays and new hemostasis clips. Especially in recurrent ulcer bleedings, the newly developed clips can achieve hemostasis and prevent an operational procedure. In patients with coronary heart disease, a liberal transfusion regimen should be considered.


Medizinische Klinik | 2015

[Direct oral anticoagulation and gastrointestinal bleeding: Interventional therapy management].

Georg Braun; Helmut Messmann; J. Labenz; M. Buerke

ZusammenfassungHintergrundImmer mehr Patienten werden mit direkt wirkenden oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) behandelt. Unter DOAK scheint es insbesondere aus dem unteren Gastroeintestinaltrakt häufiger zu Blutungen zu kommen als unter Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (Phenprocoumon bzw. Warfarin).ZielEine mögliche Vorgehensweise bei der schweren gastrointestinalen Blutung unter DOAK soll nun gemeinsam von Gastroenterologen und Kardiologen erarbeitet werden.Material und MethodenEine selektive Literaturrecherche wurde geführt. Eigene Erfahrungswerte wurden mit eingearbeitet.ErgebnisDie Entscheidung zur Durchführung einer prokoagulatorischen Therapie (30–50xa0I.E. Prothrombinkonzentrat, PPSB, pro kgKG langsam i.v.) hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab und sollte nicht unkritisch erfolgen. Spezifische Antidote stehen vor der Zulassung. Nach der Blutungsepisode müssen potentiell beeinflussbare Auslöser (Arzneimittelinteraktion, Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion) ausgeschlossen werden. Das Rezidivblutungsrisiko und das Risiko für ein thromboembolisches Ereignis müssen abgewogen werden, bevor eine Entscheidung zur Wiederaufnahme einer Antikoagulation und deren Form getroffen wird. Dosisreduktionen und ein Wechsel auf Apixaban (in reduzierter Dosis) sind Optionen zur Risikoreduktion, auch Vitamin-K-Antagonisten können erwogen werden.DiskussionWelche Rolle die spezifischen Antidote einnehmen werden, ist noch unklar.AbstractBackgroundMore and more patients are being treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Under treatment with DOACs gastrointestinal bleeding appears to occur more frequently, particularly in the lower gastrointestinal tract, compared to treatment with vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin).ObjectiveA possible approach should now be elaborated in a joint effort by gastroenterologists and cardiologists.Material and methodsA selective literatue search was carried out and own experiences were also included.ResultsThe decision to perform procoagulant therapy by slowly injecting 30–50xa0IU prothrombin complex concentrate (PPSB) per kg body weight intravenously depends on various factors and should be assessed critically. Specific antidotes are awaiting approval. After a bleeding episode potentially controllable and reversible triggers must be excluded (e.g. drug interactions and renal impairment). The risk of recurrent bleeding and the risk of thromboembolic events have to be weighed against each other before deciding to readminister an anticoagulant and its form. Dose reduction and changing to apixaban (in reduced dosage) are options for risk reduction and vitamin K antagonists can also be considered.DiscussionIt is still unclear what role specific antidotes will play.BACKGROUNDnMore and more patients are being treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Under treatment with DOACs gastrointestinal bleeding appears to occur more frequently, particularly in the lower gastrointestinal tract, compared to treatment with vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin).nnnOBJECTIVEnA possible approach should now be elaborated in a joint effort by gastroenterologists and cardiologists.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODSnA selective literatue search was carried out and own experiences were also included.nnnRESULTSnThe decision to perform procoagulant therapy by slowly injecting 30-50 IU prothrombin complex concentrate (PPSB) per kg body weight intravenously depends on various factors and should be assessed critically. Specific antidotes are awaiting approval. After a bleeding episode potentially controllable and reversible triggers must be excluded (e.g. drug interactions and renal impairment). The risk of recurrent bleeding and the risk of thromboembolic events have to be weighed against each other before deciding to readminister an anticoagulant and its form. Dose reduction and changing to apixaban (in reduced dosage) are options for risk reduction and vitamin K antagonists can also be considered.nnnDISCUSSIONnIt is still unclear what role specific antidotes will play.


Medizinische Klinik | 2015

Direkt wirkende orale Antikoagulanzien bei gastrointestinaler Blutung@@@Direct oral anticoagulation and gastrointestinal bleeding: Interventionelles Therapiemanagement@@@Interventional therapy management

Georg Braun; Helmut Messmann; J. Labenz; M. Buerke

ZusammenfassungHintergrundImmer mehr Patienten werden mit direkt wirkenden oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) behandelt. Unter DOAK scheint es insbesondere aus dem unteren Gastroeintestinaltrakt häufiger zu Blutungen zu kommen als unter Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (Phenprocoumon bzw. Warfarin).ZielEine mögliche Vorgehensweise bei der schweren gastrointestinalen Blutung unter DOAK soll nun gemeinsam von Gastroenterologen und Kardiologen erarbeitet werden.Material und MethodenEine selektive Literaturrecherche wurde geführt. Eigene Erfahrungswerte wurden mit eingearbeitet.ErgebnisDie Entscheidung zur Durchführung einer prokoagulatorischen Therapie (30–50xa0I.E. Prothrombinkonzentrat, PPSB, pro kgKG langsam i.v.) hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab und sollte nicht unkritisch erfolgen. Spezifische Antidote stehen vor der Zulassung. Nach der Blutungsepisode müssen potentiell beeinflussbare Auslöser (Arzneimittelinteraktion, Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion) ausgeschlossen werden. Das Rezidivblutungsrisiko und das Risiko für ein thromboembolisches Ereignis müssen abgewogen werden, bevor eine Entscheidung zur Wiederaufnahme einer Antikoagulation und deren Form getroffen wird. Dosisreduktionen und ein Wechsel auf Apixaban (in reduzierter Dosis) sind Optionen zur Risikoreduktion, auch Vitamin-K-Antagonisten können erwogen werden.DiskussionWelche Rolle die spezifischen Antidote einnehmen werden, ist noch unklar.AbstractBackgroundMore and more patients are being treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Under treatment with DOACs gastrointestinal bleeding appears to occur more frequently, particularly in the lower gastrointestinal tract, compared to treatment with vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin).ObjectiveA possible approach should now be elaborated in a joint effort by gastroenterologists and cardiologists.Material and methodsA selective literatue search was carried out and own experiences were also included.ResultsThe decision to perform procoagulant therapy by slowly injecting 30–50xa0IU prothrombin complex concentrate (PPSB) per kg body weight intravenously depends on various factors and should be assessed critically. Specific antidotes are awaiting approval. After a bleeding episode potentially controllable and reversible triggers must be excluded (e.g. drug interactions and renal impairment). The risk of recurrent bleeding and the risk of thromboembolic events have to be weighed against each other before deciding to readminister an anticoagulant and its form. Dose reduction and changing to apixaban (in reduced dosage) are options for risk reduction and vitamin K antagonists can also be considered.DiscussionIt is still unclear what role specific antidotes will play.BACKGROUNDnMore and more patients are being treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Under treatment with DOACs gastrointestinal bleeding appears to occur more frequently, particularly in the lower gastrointestinal tract, compared to treatment with vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin).nnnOBJECTIVEnA possible approach should now be elaborated in a joint effort by gastroenterologists and cardiologists.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODSnA selective literatue search was carried out and own experiences were also included.nnnRESULTSnThe decision to perform procoagulant therapy by slowly injecting 30-50 IU prothrombin complex concentrate (PPSB) per kg body weight intravenously depends on various factors and should be assessed critically. Specific antidotes are awaiting approval. After a bleeding episode potentially controllable and reversible triggers must be excluded (e.g. drug interactions and renal impairment). The risk of recurrent bleeding and the risk of thromboembolic events have to be weighed against each other before deciding to readminister an anticoagulant and its form. Dose reduction and changing to apixaban (in reduced dosage) are options for risk reduction and vitamin K antagonists can also be considered.nnnDISCUSSIONnIt is still unclear what role specific antidotes will play.

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Valentin Fuhrmann

Medical University of Vienna

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Ali Canbay

Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg

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