Georg Müller-Fürstenberger
University of Bern
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Featured researches published by Georg Müller-Fürstenberger.
Environmental Modeling & Assessment | 1999
F. Joos; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Gunter Stephan
Economic analyses of the greenhouse effect are typically carried out within the framework of computable general equilibrium models which represent the climate system by simple two box proxies based upon the pioneering work of Nordhaus. Since errors in predicting the carbon budget can imply high costs, there is some need to include more sophisticated climate models into the economics of global climate change. This paper presents a non-linear pulse representation of the process-based and data-validated Bern carbon model. Compared to the Nordhaus approach this leads to different results with respect to optimal climate policy and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In particular, our results suggest that economic studies which use a Nordhaus representation of the climate system are biased towards high carbon emission and low abatement levels.
Environmental and Resource Economics | 1997
Gunter Stephan; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Pascal Previdoli
Do we need an overlapping generations model for the economics of global warming? To answer this question, an infinitely-lived agent (ILA) approach and an overlapping generations (OLG) model are contrasted. ILA and OLG can be viewed as polar representations of intergenerational altruism. With ILA an immortal agent acts through his investment/savings decisions as trustee on the behalf of the future generations. With OLG, agents need not behave altruistic. They simply save during working years and dissave completely during retirement. Nevertheless, ILA and OLG must not differ in their implication for greenhouse policy. Greenhouse gas abatement is a straightforward alternative to physical capital formation and, even without altruism, each age cohort has an incentive to provide current abatement in order to reduce future damages attributable to climate change. Indeed, under reasonable assumptions and parameter values, our simulations reveal such an invariance result. Provided carbon taxes are the only policy tool and tax revenues are recycled through socially mandated rules, projections of economic growth, climate change and energy consumption are only insignificantly affected by the choice of approach.
Climate Policy | 2003
Benito Müller; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger
Abstract Greenhouse gas intensities are an appealing tool to foster abatement without imposing constraints on economic growth. This paper shows, however, that the computation of intensities is subject to some significant statistical and conceptual problems which relate to the inflation proofing of GDP growth. It is shown that the choice of price-index, the updating of quantity weights and the choice of base year prices can have a significant impact upon the commitment of intensity targets.
Diskussionsschriften | 2003
Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Gunter Stephan
This paper analyses trading and banking of carbon emission rights. Within the framework of a modestly simple,integrated assessment model that breaks the world economy in just two regions,North and South,it can be shown: (1) There exists separability between environmental targets and the choice of instruments. Increasing the “when and where” flexibility in greenhouse gas abatement either through banking or trading of carbon emission permits or both positively affects global welfare. It has,however,almost no impact on global climate change. (2) Depending upon the choice of instruments there are significant distributional effects across regions. Both regions can improve welfare simultaneously,if carbon emission rights are traded on open international markets. But if it were feasible to bank or borrow carbon permits,then — independent of whether there is trading of carbon rights or not — the South suffers welfare losses compared to a No-Trade-No-Banking situation.
European Journal of Operational Research | 2017
Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Ingmar Schumacher
We develop a dynamic model where all agents contribute to a global externality, but only those in a specific region suffer from it. We model this in a dynamic setting via a two agent, non-cooperative overlapping generations model and analyze the consequences for economic growth and intertemporal choices. We find that multiple steady states may result from this asymmetry. In particular, if the agent who is affected by the externality has to spend a large share of his income to offset it, then he may be stuck in an environmental poverty trap. We provide conditions for the existence of, and local convergence to, the equilibria, as well as a condition for the global convergence to the poverty trap. While, in addition to maintenance expenditures, externalities tend to be addressed via studying taxes, investment in R&D or alike, we focus on capital market integration. Specifically, agents in the affected region can open up their capital market to enable capital inflows. We investigate whether an open capital market improves or worsens their welfare. While we do find that capital market integration eliminates the environmental poverty trap, we show that capital market integration is not always in both agents’ interest. In particular, we provide conditions under which the agents prefer autarkic or integrated capital markets.
Archive | 2003
Gunter Stephan; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Stephan Herbst
Wie beeinflusst eine Verteuerung von Treibstoffen die individuelle Mobilitat? Machen Okosteuern umweltfreundlichere Fahrzeuge konkurrenzfahig oder verlangern die jetzt hoheren Betriebskosten die Nutzungsdauer der Altfahrzeuge? Wie beeinflusst die okologische Steuerreform die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung? Tangiert die Okosteuerreform die Wirtschaftskraft einzelner Sektoren? Beschleunigt die Okosteuerreform den strukturellen Wandel der deutschen Volkswirtschaft und die Innovation neuer, energiesparender Technologien?
Archive | 2003
Gunter Stephan; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Stephan Herbst
Steuern werden primar erhoben, um die vielfaltigen Aufgaben des Rechtsstaates zu finanzieren. Dass dabei auch eine Lenkungswirkung eintreten kann, wird in der Regel selbst dann in Kauf genommen, wenn sich dadurch das Steueraufkommen verkleinert. Anders sieht es bei Lenkungsabgaben aus. Dies sind Instrumente der staatlichen Politik, mit denen das Verhalten von Wirtschaftssubjekten monetar gesteuert werden soll
Archive | 2003
Gunter Stephan; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Stephan Herbst
Moderne Volkswirtschaften sind durch ein hohes Mass an komplexer Interdependenz gekennzeichnet. Energie, Verkehrs-und Transportdienstleistungen werden bei nahezu jeder wirtschaftlichen Tatigkeit direkt oder indirekt eingesetzt — unabhangig davon, ob es sich dabei um industrielle Produktion handelt oder darum, individuelle Bedurfnisse zu befriedigen. Entsprechend betrifft eine Verteuerung von Energie nicht nur den Energie-beziehungsweise Verkehrssektor, sondern hat Auswirkungen auf alle Bereiche einer modernen Volkswirtschaft
Archive | 2003
Gunter Stephan; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Stephan Herbst
Institutionelle Faktoren allein erklaren das Phanomen Arbeitslosigkeit nicht. Daher ist zu fragen, wie die Okosteuerreform auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Beschaftigung wirkt, wenn strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit herrscht. Letzteres bedeutet, dass Erwerbstatige je nach Qualifikation auf unterschiedlichen Markten als Anbieter auftreten. Die Korrelation zwischen Qualifikation und Tatigkeit entspricht der im Englischen ublichenWhite-collar/blue-collar-Einteilung. Whitecollar-Tatigkeitensind mit hoher,Blue-collar-Tatigkeitenmit niedriger Qualifikation gleichzusetzen. Naturlich gibt esBlue-collar-Tatigkeitenmit hohen Qualifikationsanforderungen oderWhite-collar-Aktivitatenmit niedrigen, dies ist aber die Ausnahme. Zudem zeigen FITZROY und FUNKE (1995), dass die Unterscheidung nach Tatigkeiten statistisch signifikante Aussagen uber Arbeitsmarkteffekte erlaubt, wahrend dies bei einer Einteilung nach Schulabschluss nicht moglich ist
Archive | 2003
Gunter Stephan; Georg Müller-Fürstenberger; Stephan Herbst
Es ist offensichtlich, dass die Kosten, die einer Gesellschaft aus umwelt-und/oder energiepolitischen Eingriffen erwachsen, von ihrer Anpassungsflexibilitat abhangen. Dies korrekt abzubilden, ist eine Herausforderung an die Kunst der Modellierung, die sich kaum aus Lehrbuchern erlernen lasst