Georg Zahradnik

The Internationalisation of Business R&D

It has become clear over the past few decades that enterprises not only produce and sell abroad but increasingly also develop goods and services outside their home countries; a development now known as the internationalisation of business R&D. This book presents a comprehensive picture of the current state of internationalisation of R&D in the business sector.

Internationalisation of R&D in ICT

An important aspect of the ongoing integration of the world economy is the internationalisation of research and development. Enterprises not only produce and sell, but also increasingly develop goods and services outside of their home countries. The internationalisation of RD Veugelers 2005).

R & D Internationalisation across Countries and over Time

It has become clear over the past few decades that enterprises not only produce and sell abroad but increasingly also develop goods and services outside their home countries; a development now known as the internationalisation of business R&D. This book presents a comprehensive picture of the current state of internationalisation of R&D in the business sector.

Issues in Collecting Data on the Internationalisation of R&D

It has become clear over the past few decades that enterprises not only produce and sell abroad but increasingly also develop goods and services outside their home countries; a development now known as the internationalisation of business R&D. This book presents a comprehensive picture of the current state of internationalisation of R&D in the business sector.

The Sectoral Perspective

It has become clear over the past few decades that enterprises not only produce and sell abroad but increasingly also develop goods and services outside their home countries; a development now known as the internationalisation of business R&D. This book presents a comprehensive picture of the current state of internationalisation of R&D in the business sector.

Ethnic Inventors: A Critical Survey of the Contribution of People of Middle Eastern Ethnic Backgrounds to the US Innovation System

While the contributions of immigrants from Chinese, Indian and Latin American backgrounds to the US innovation system have been well documented, little exists on the contribution of people from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) to the US innovation system. This paper provides a critical survey of the extent people from the MENA region contribute to the US innovation system. Matching 2,500 MENA specific first names with patent documents from the World International Property Organization (WIPO), we provide evidence of the role this community plays in the US innovation system. We find that the share of inventors in total inventive activity with a MENA background has increased considerably in the last 20 years. They concentrate in California and tend to specialize in computers, communication and software, as well as in medical and veterinary sciences. They are also active in technology areas that are core competencies for their employers.

Capabilities and Opportunities for R&D Collaborations between China and Austria in the Green Tech Sector

The objective of this study is to identify cooperation potentials between the Chinese and the Austrian Green Tech sector, focusing on R&D activities of both countries. The notion of ‘Green Tech’ in this study is defined to include all environment-related technological fields as outlined by the OECD (2011a). We use patents to measure R&D specialisation advantages at a detailed technological level, using the OECD (2011a) classification scheme on environment-related technological fields based on the International Patent Classification (IPC). Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA) indices are calculated to measure specialisation advantages in specific technologies, indicating potential collaboration fields. Furthermore, such fields are identified from a network perspective by characterising the embedding of Austria and China in the international Green Tech R&D network. The international R&D network is measured in terms of common co-patent applications. Using network visualisation techniques, the network position of China and Austria in certain fields is to be illustrated. The empirical findings show that the R&D activity in the Chinese Green Tech sector is mainly characterised by high growth rates whereas the Austrian Green Tech sector reveals specialisation advantages in various environmental technology fields. Four technology fields Energy Generation from renewable and non-fossil sources, Energy efficiency in building and lightning, Emissions abatement and fuel efficiency in transportation and General Environmental Management reveal particular cooperation potentials, characterised by positive growth rates in China and corresponding high RTA values in Austria. An extension of our investigation to selected subclasses identified the subclasses Energy storage and Wind energy, as technology fields with greatest cooperation potentials.