Gi-Nam Wang

An anti-collision algorithm using two-functioned estimation for RFID tags

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has recently played an important role in ubiquitous sensing technology. While more advanced applications have been equipped with RFID devices, sensing multiple passive tags simultaneously becomes especially important. In this paper, using complementarily two-functioned estimation, we propose an identification method based on the stochastic process. The underlying mathematical principles and parameters estimation models have also been well discussed. Numerical examples are given to verify the proposed two-functioned estimation identification method within a given expected accuracy-level. Key Words: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), Anti-collision Algorithm, Two-functioned Estimation.

Plant model generation for PLC simulation

This paper reports an automated procedure for constructing a plant model for PLC simulation. Since PLC programs contain only the control logic without information on the plant model, it is necessary to build the corresponding plant model to perform the simulation. Conventionally, a plant model for PLC simulation has been constructed manually, which requires much effort and in-depth knowledge of the simulation. As a remedy for this problem, we propose an automated procedure for generating a plant model from the symbol table of a PLC program. To do so, we propose a naming rule for PLC symbols so that the symbol names include sufficient information on the plant model. By analysing such symbol names, we extract a plant model automatically. The proposed methodology has been implemented and test runs performed.

Automatic segmentation and diagnosis of breast lesions using morphology method based on ultrasound

The main objective of this paper is to use the auto segmentation with morphological technique to find out predictable region of interest (ROI), especially the center and margin area of the tumor. The proposed method has employed moving average method for detecting edge of tumor after estimating the corresponding center using the aid of medical domain knowledge. In our re-search, after computing distance between center and edge of tumor we get factual and numerical data of tumor to calculate multi-deviation and circularity test. It is useful to construct tumor profiling by splitting up the lesion into 4 divisions with the mean of multi-standard deviation (benign: 13.7, malignancies: 38.32) and 8 divisions with the mean of multi-standard deviation (benign: 3.36, malignancies: 15.29) with equal segments. We used K-means algorithm to make classification between benign and malignance tumor. This technique has been fully validated by using more than 100 ultrasound images of the patients and found to be accurate with 90% degree of confidence. This study will help the physicians and radiologist to improve the efficiency in accurate detection of the image and appropriate diagnosis of the cancer tumor.

Speech authentication system using digital watermarking and pattern recovery

The objective of this paper is to detect speech forgery using digital audio watermarking and pattern recovery techniques. A digital watermark pattern has been attached with the speech signal to detect three kinds of alterations or forgeries such as substitution, insertion, and removal. The watermark pattern will be modified if some changes have been made to the speech contents. Modification and forgery can be measured and detected by pattern recovery. The proposed method uses the cyclic pattern embedding to overcome synchronizing problems of previous detection techniques. In addition, pattern recovery enhances the robustness to compression. This method has been tested and verified using six recording devices, which was used for collecting verbal data. The speech signals were sampled at the rate of 8kHz and digitized at 16bits resolution. Randomly chosen regions were substituted, removed, and compressed in MP3 at the rate of 16kbps as well as in CELP at the rate of 11.5kbps. The experiment shows the perfect detection for three kinds of forgeries and it proved the validity of the proposed method.

Transformation from Petri Nets Model to Programmable Logic Controller using One-to-One Mapping Technique

Agile and flexible manufacturing system makes it mandatory that a control program should have features such as agility, flexibility, and reusability in order to meet fast changing customer demands. Proper modeling and fast formation of the control logics using graphical and mathematical tools is one of the most peculiar ways to make the control logic more feasible for rapid product prototyping, concurrent engineering, flexible, and agile manufacturing. This paper illustrates efficient conversion of Petri nets model into programmable logic controller like LLD (ladder logic diagram) in a very convenient way using one-to-one mapping technique. Furthermore, property analysis has been briefly explained to generate flawless control code for better operational performance. An example of painting robots has been demonstrated to prove the proposed method

III-Phase Verification and Validation of IEC Standard Programmable Logic Controller

The objective of this paper is to define an integrated approach for offline verification and validation of the control logics to provide absolute solution by implementing the Ill-phase V&V method in a manufacturing industry. The control logic plays vital role in an agile manufacturing system for proper functioning of the FMS. The effort to integrate the formal verification techniques with virtual commissioning is emerging, which is still not in a full fledged industrial usage, due to the isolated thinking of the user about formal verification techniques. Existing techniques like simulation has not been able to detect the hidden errors, which may propagate from one workcell to another workcell in a long run and create a complete breakdown in the manufacturing unit. These errors required to be carefully tested before the real time implementation. Control logics play a vital role to reduce the down-time and ramp-up time in a manufacturing industry. We need an integrated approach and techniques to support the consistent running of the production cycle. This paper explained about the positive aspects of manual and software based automated and virtual commissioning techniques to provide an applicable solution to the fast paced manufacturing industries.

Data mining approaches for modeling complex electronic circuit design activities

A printed circuit board (PCB) is an essential part of modern electronic circuits. It is made of a flat panel of insulating materials with patterned copper foils that act as electric pathways for various components such as ICs, diodes, capacitors, resistors, and coils. The size of PCBs has been shrinking over the years, while the number of components mounted on these boards has increased considerably. This trend makes the design and fabrication of PCBs ever more difficult. At the beginning of design cycles, it is important to estimate the time to complete the steps required accurately, based on many factors such as the required parts, approximate board size and shape, and a rough sketch of schematics. Current approach uses multiple linear regression (MLR) technique for time and cost estimations. However, the need for accurate predictive models continues to grow as the technology becomes more advanced. In this paper, we analyze a large volume of historical PCB design data, extract some important variables, and develop predictive models based on the extracted variables using a data mining approach. The data mining approach uses an adaptive support vector regression (ASVR) technique; the benchmark model used is the MLR technique currently being used in the industry. The strengths of SVR for this data include its ability to represent data in high-dimensional space through kernel functions. The computational results show that a data mining approach is a better prediction technique for this data. Our approach reduces computation time and enhances the practical applications of the SVR technique.

Simulation framework for the verification of PLC programs in automobile industries

The objective of this study is to propose a framework of virtual plant models for the verification of PLC logic through modeling and simulation. The proposed virtual plant model consists of three types of object: the virtual device model (object model), the intermediary transfer model (functional model), and the PLC program & HMI (dynamic model). A virtual device model consists of a physical part, which is used to represent the properties of a real device and a logical part, which is used to manage the devices operation. For the fidelity of the virtual plant model, an intermediary transfer model controls the virtual device through a PLC program and sends information on the virtual devices state to the supervisory control model. Moreover, the PLC program and HMI are used for constructing communication environments similar to a real manufacturing line. For the implementation of the proposed virtual plant model, this study employs an I/O model based on the formalism of Automata and Discrete Event Systems Specifications (DEVS). As a result of the application to a car assembly line, 18 error codes are detected through the manual mode and have been revised. Finally, we can confirm there is no sequential error in the PLC program by checking the time chart. Moreover, the bottleneck and ramp-up/down times are reduced when a manufacturing system/line is built.

Agent based decision support system using reinforcement learning under emergency circumstances

This paper deals with agent based decision support system for patients right diagnosis and treatment under emergency circumstance. The well known reinforcement learning is utilized for modeling emergency healthcare system. Also designed is a novel interpretation of Markov decision process providing clear mathematical formulation to connect reinforcement learning as well as to express integrated agent system. Computational issues are also discussed with the corresponding solution procedure.

Control logic verification for an automotive body assembly line using simulation

In this paper, an approach is proposed that verifies the controller logic processes for the automobile industry via simulation. For this purpose, a state-based object model that creates a virtual car body assembly line is proposed and a verification methodology using observed signal sequences during the simulation is proposed. This approach was applied to an assembly line controlled by a PLC and the effectiveness of the proposed system was explained in a case study.