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Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2011

Interobserver Variability of Clinical Target Volume Delineation in Supra-Diaphragmatic Hodgkin's Disease A Multi-institutional Experience

D. Genovesi; Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Antonietta Augurio; M Di Tommaso; Rita Marchese; Umberto Ricardi; Andrea Riccardo Filippi; T. Girinsky; K Di Biagio; Maurizio Belfiglio; E. Barbieri; Vincenzo Valentini

Background:To determine interobserver variability in clinical target volume (CTV) of supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Materials and Methods:At the 2008 AIRO (Italian Society of Radiation Oncology) Meeting, the Radiation Oncology Department of Chieti proposed a multi-institutional contouring dummy-run of two cases of early stage supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin’s lymphoma after chemotherapy. Clinical history, diagnostics, and planning CT imaging were available on Chieti’s radiotherapy website (www.radioterapia.unich.it). Participating centers were requested to delineate the CTV and submit it to the coordinating center. To quantify interobserver variability of CTV delineations, the total volume, craniocaudal, laterolateral, and anteroposterior diameters were calculated.Results:A total of 18 institutions for case A and 15 institutions for case B submitted the targets. Case A presented significant variability in total volume (range: 74.1–1,157.1 cc), craniocaudal (range: 6.5–22.5 cm; median: 16.25 cm), anteroposterior (range: 5.04–14.82 cm; median: 10.28 cm), and laterolateral diameters (range: 8.23–22.88 cm; median: 15.5 cm). Mean CTV was 464.8 cc (standard deviation: 280.5 cc). Case B presented significant variability in total volume (range: 341.8–1,662 cc), cranio-caudal (range: 8.0–28.5 cm; median: 23 cm), anteroposterior (range: 7.9–1.8 cm; median: 11.1 cm), and laterolateral diameters (range: 12.9–24.0 cm; median: 18.8 cm). Mean CTV was 926.0 cc (standard deviation: 445.7 cc).Conclusion:This significant variability confirms the need to apply specific guidelines to improve contouring uniformity in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Ziel:Diese Studie wurde durchgeführt, um die Inter-Beobachter-Variabilität des klinischen Zielvolumens bei supradiaphragmatischem Hodgkin-Lymphom festzustellen.Methodik:Beim 18. Treffen der AIRO (Italienischen Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie) in Mailand (November 2008) schlug die Abteilung für Strahlentherapie/Radioonkologie von Chieti eine multiinstitutionelle Zielvolumen-Konturierung („Dummy-run“) von zwei Fällen supradiaphragmatischer Hodgkin-Lymphome im frühen Stadium nach der Chemotherapie vor. Informationen über den klinischer Verlauf, die diagnostischen Befunde und die Planungs-CT-Bildgebung standen auf der Website (www.radioterapia.unich.it) der Abteilung für Strahlentherapie/Radioonkologie der Universität Chieti zur Verfügung. Die teilnehmenden Zentren wurden gebeten, die klinischen Zielvolumina zu definieren und ihre Ergebnisse bei der Koordinierungsstelle einzureichen. Um die Inter-Beobachter-Variabilität bei der Konturierung des klinischen Zielvolumens zu quantifizieren, wurden das Gesamtvolumen (cc), die kraniokaudalen, laterolateralen und die anteroposterioren Durchmesser (cm) berechnet.Ergebnisse:18 Zentren bezüglich des Falls A und 15 Zentren bezüglich des Falls B haben Zielvolumen-Definitionen eingereicht. Dabei wurden signifikante Variationen bei der Konturierung des klinischen Zielvolumens festgestellt. Der Range der Volumendefinition im Fall A reichte von 74,1 bis zu 1157,1 cc (Abbildung 1). Diese Variationen wurden bei der Messung der kraniokaudalen (durchschnittlich 16,25 cm; Range 6,5–22,5 cm) (Abbildung 2), anteroposterioren (durchschnittlich 10,28 cm; Range 5,04–14,82 cm) (Abbildung 3) und laterolateralen Durchmesser (durchschnittlich 15,5 cm; Range 8,23–22,88 cm) (Abbildung 4) bestätigt (Tabelle 1). Der Durchschnitt der klinischen Zielvolumina war 464,8 cc mit einer Standardabweichung von 280,5 cc. Der Range der Volumendefinition im Fall B reichte von 341,8 bis zu 1662 cc (Abbildung 1); und diese Variationen wurden bei der Messung der kraniokaudalen (durchschnittlich 23 cm; Range 8,0–28,5 cm) (Abbildung 5), anteroposterioren (durchschnittlich 11,1 cm; Range 7,9–14,8 cm) (Abbildung 6) und laterolateralen Durchmesser (durchschnittlich 18,8 cm; Range 12,9–24,0 cm) (Abbildung 7) bestätigt (Tabelle 2). Der Durchschnitt der klinischen Zielvolumina war 926,0 cc mit einer Standardabweichung von 445,7 cc.Schlussfolgerung:Diese signifikante Variabilität bestätigt die Notwendigkeit der Anwendung von spezifischen Guidelines, um die Uniformität der Konturierung bei Hodgkin-Lymphomen zu verbessern.


Breast Journal | 2007

The Effect of Delaying Adjuvant Radiation Treatment after Conservative Surgery for Early Breast Cancer

Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Domenico Genovesi; Rita Marchese; Monica Di Tommaso; Federica Di Febo; Enzo Ballone; Marta Di Nicola

Abstract:  We examined the effect of delaying radiation treatment after conservative surgery on the risk of breast cancer local recurrence (LR). From January 1997 to December 2001, 969 women with early‐stage breast cancer were treated at the Radiation Oncology Department in Chieti. We analyzed 802 of them who underwent conservative surgery followed by whole‐breast radiotherapy. The patients were divided into two groups: women who did not receive chemotherapy and women who received chemotherapy. The time intervals from surgery to breast irradiation used for the analysis were <16 or more weeks for no‐chemotherapy‐treated women, and <25 and 25 or more weeks for chemotherapy‐treated women. The relationship between LR and factors such as age, tumor size, margin status, and surgery‐radiotherapy time interval was evaluated. The 8‐year LR risk was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. LR was observed in 33 (4.1%) of the 802 patients. The overall 8‐year LR risk was 6.5% (±1.51). In the no‐chemotherapy group, the risk of LR was associated with a younger age and a positive margin status. In the chemotherapy group LR was associated with a younger age and a tumor size >3 cm. Surgery‐radiotherapy interval was not associated with LR in both groups of patients. Delay in the start of radiotherapy does not increase the risk of LR in patients with early breast cancer treated or not treated with chemotherapy.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2011

Interobserver variability of clinical target volume delineation in supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin’s disease

Domenico Genovesi; Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Antonietta Augurio; Monica Di Tommaso; Rita Marchese; Umberto Ricardi; Andrea Riccardo Filippi; T. Girinsky; Katiuscia Di Biagio; Maurizio Belfiglio; E. Barbieri; Vincenzo Valentini

Background:To determine interobserver variability in clinical target volume (CTV) of supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Materials and Methods:At the 2008 AIRO (Italian Society of Radiation Oncology) Meeting, the Radiation Oncology Department of Chieti proposed a multi-institutional contouring dummy-run of two cases of early stage supra-diaphragmatic Hodgkin’s lymphoma after chemotherapy. Clinical history, diagnostics, and planning CT imaging were available on Chieti’s radiotherapy website (www.radioterapia.unich.it). Participating centers were requested to delineate the CTV and submit it to the coordinating center. To quantify interobserver variability of CTV delineations, the total volume, craniocaudal, laterolateral, and anteroposterior diameters were calculated.Results:A total of 18 institutions for case A and 15 institutions for case B submitted the targets. Case A presented significant variability in total volume (range: 74.1–1,157.1 cc), craniocaudal (range: 6.5–22.5 cm; median: 16.25 cm), anteroposterior (range: 5.04–14.82 cm; median: 10.28 cm), and laterolateral diameters (range: 8.23–22.88 cm; median: 15.5 cm). Mean CTV was 464.8 cc (standard deviation: 280.5 cc). Case B presented significant variability in total volume (range: 341.8–1,662 cc), cranio-caudal (range: 8.0–28.5 cm; median: 23 cm), anteroposterior (range: 7.9–1.8 cm; median: 11.1 cm), and laterolateral diameters (range: 12.9–24.0 cm; median: 18.8 cm). Mean CTV was 926.0 cc (standard deviation: 445.7 cc).Conclusion:This significant variability confirms the need to apply specific guidelines to improve contouring uniformity in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Ziel:Diese Studie wurde durchgeführt, um die Inter-Beobachter-Variabilität des klinischen Zielvolumens bei supradiaphragmatischem Hodgkin-Lymphom festzustellen.Methodik:Beim 18. Treffen der AIRO (Italienischen Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie) in Mailand (November 2008) schlug die Abteilung für Strahlentherapie/Radioonkologie von Chieti eine multiinstitutionelle Zielvolumen-Konturierung („Dummy-run“) von zwei Fällen supradiaphragmatischer Hodgkin-Lymphome im frühen Stadium nach der Chemotherapie vor. Informationen über den klinischer Verlauf, die diagnostischen Befunde und die Planungs-CT-Bildgebung standen auf der Website (www.radioterapia.unich.it) der Abteilung für Strahlentherapie/Radioonkologie der Universität Chieti zur Verfügung. Die teilnehmenden Zentren wurden gebeten, die klinischen Zielvolumina zu definieren und ihre Ergebnisse bei der Koordinierungsstelle einzureichen. Um die Inter-Beobachter-Variabilität bei der Konturierung des klinischen Zielvolumens zu quantifizieren, wurden das Gesamtvolumen (cc), die kraniokaudalen, laterolateralen und die anteroposterioren Durchmesser (cm) berechnet.Ergebnisse:18 Zentren bezüglich des Falls A und 15 Zentren bezüglich des Falls B haben Zielvolumen-Definitionen eingereicht. Dabei wurden signifikante Variationen bei der Konturierung des klinischen Zielvolumens festgestellt. Der Range der Volumendefinition im Fall A reichte von 74,1 bis zu 1157,1 cc (Abbildung 1). Diese Variationen wurden bei der Messung der kraniokaudalen (durchschnittlich 16,25 cm; Range 6,5–22,5 cm) (Abbildung 2), anteroposterioren (durchschnittlich 10,28 cm; Range 5,04–14,82 cm) (Abbildung 3) und laterolateralen Durchmesser (durchschnittlich 15,5 cm; Range 8,23–22,88 cm) (Abbildung 4) bestätigt (Tabelle 1). Der Durchschnitt der klinischen Zielvolumina war 464,8 cc mit einer Standardabweichung von 280,5 cc. Der Range der Volumendefinition im Fall B reichte von 341,8 bis zu 1662 cc (Abbildung 1); und diese Variationen wurden bei der Messung der kraniokaudalen (durchschnittlich 23 cm; Range 8,0–28,5 cm) (Abbildung 5), anteroposterioren (durchschnittlich 11,1 cm; Range 7,9–14,8 cm) (Abbildung 6) und laterolateralen Durchmesser (durchschnittlich 18,8 cm; Range 12,9–24,0 cm) (Abbildung 7) bestätigt (Tabelle 2). Der Durchschnitt der klinischen Zielvolumina war 926,0 cc mit einer Standardabweichung von 445,7 cc.Schlussfolgerung:Diese signifikante Variabilität bestätigt die Notwendigkeit der Anwendung von spezifischen Guidelines, um die Uniformität der Konturierung bei Hodgkin-Lymphomen zu verbessern.


Tumori | 2012

Effects of preoperative radiochemotherapy with capecitabine for resectable locally advanced rectal cancer in elderly patients

Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Domenico Genovesi; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Antonietta Augurio; Monica Di Tommaso; Rita Marchese; Valentina Borzillo; Lucia Tasciotti; Maria Taraborrelli; Paolo Innocenti; Giuseppe Colecchia; Marta Di Nicola

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is a common disease of elderly people. However, patients over 70 years of age are often not included in clinical trials. There is a lack of data concerning the use of radiochemotherapy with capecitabine in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the impact of preoperative radiochemotherapy with capecitabine on downstaging and sphincter preservation and to assess treatment compliance and toxicity in elderly patients. METHODS Twenty-six patients with resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (stage II-III/TNM) aged >70 years received preoperative radiotherapy and concurrent oral capecitabine 825 mg/m² twice daily during the whole period of radiotherapy. Two patients who refused surgery after chemoradiation therapy were excluded from the analysis. Results. Eighty-one percent of patients underwent anterior resection and 18.1% underwent abdominoperineal resection. Overall tumor downstaging, considering both T and N categories, was observed in 18/24 patients (75%). Treatment compliance was good and toxicity rates were similar to those of younger people. CONCLUSIONS Age is not a contraindication to any therapy and elderly patients who can tolerate radiochemotherapy should be treated like younger patients. Preoperative radiochemotherapy with capecitabine for patients aged >70 years has a good impact on tumor downstaging, increases the feasibility of sphincter-preserving surgery, and is also safe and well tolerated.


Radiologia Medica | 2015

Delineating brachial plexus, cochlea, pharyngeal constrictor muscles and optic chiasm in head and neck radiotherapy: a CT-based model atlas

Domenico Genovesi; Francesca Perrotti; Marianna Trignani; Angelo Di Pilla; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Antonietta Augurio; Monica Di Tommaso; Massimo Caulo; Massimo Savastano; Armando Tartaro; Antonio Raffaele Cotroneo; Giampiero Ausili Cefaro

Background and purposeSparing of the organs at risk is one of the primary end-points of radiotherapy. The effects of organ-at-risk delineation on the dosimetric parameters can be critical and can influence treatment planning and outcomes. The aim of our study was to provide anatomical boundaries for the identification and delineation of the following critical organs at risk in the head and neck district: brachial plexus, cochlea, pharyngeal constrictor muscles and optic chiasm.Patients and methodsOne patient was initially selected to elaborate our atlas. This patient was subjected to a planning computed tomography of the brain and head and neck district; axial images of 3-mm thickness at 3-mm intervals were obtained. In the same set-up a magnetic resonance imaging study was also performed. The obtained images were fused based on anatomical landmarks and used by a radiation oncologist, supported by a neuroradiologist, to provide anatomo-radiological limits for the identification of the brachial plexus, cochlea, pharyngeal constrictor muscles and optic chiasm. These limits were further verified on three consecutive patients.ResultsA computed tomography-based atlas was developed with definition of cranial, caudal, medial, lateral, anterior and posterior limits for each organ considered.ConclusionsThis study allows improvement of definitions of anatomic boundaries for the brachial plexus, cochlea, pharyngeal constrictor muscles and optic chiasm. Our multidisciplinary experience led to the production of an institutional reference tool that could represent a useful aid for radiation oncologists in clinical practice.


Archive | 2013

Delineating organs at risk in radiation therapy

Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Domenico Genovesi; Carlos A. Perez

Part I 1 Introduction.- 2 Anatomy and Physiopathology of Radiation-induced Damage to Organs at Risk.- Part II 3 Radiation Dose Constraints for Organs at Risk: Modeling Review and Importance of Delineation in Radiation Therapy.- 4 Volumetric Acquisition: Technical Notes.- Part III Image Gallery 5 Axial CT Radiological Anatomy (Brain, Head and Neck Mediastinum Abdomen Pelvis).- 6 Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs).


Tumori | 2009

Retrospective long-term results and prognostic factors of postoperative treatment for UICC stages II and III rectal cancer

Domenico Genovesi; Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Antonietta Augurio; Marco D'alessandro; Valentina Borzillo; Rita Marchese; Marta Di Nicola

AIMS To retrospectively evaluate 5-year local control, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival rates in patients with UICC stages II and III rectal cancer treated with adjuvant therapy and especially to analyze the impact of some prognostic factors on clinical outcome at univariate and multivariate analyses. METHODS AND MATERIALS We retrospectively reviewed 306 patients treated with postoperative 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiation (278 patients) or radiotherapy alone (28 patients) after curative surgery. The following prognostic factors were considered at univariate and multivariate analyses: age, sex, tumor location, surgery procedure, pathological stage, histology, tumor grade, surgical margins and radiotherapy technique. RESULTS The 5-year actuarial rates for local control, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival were respectively 89.7%, 59.7%, 68.6% and 61.4% for the 278 patients (91%) treated with postoperative chemoradiation. Univariate analysis showed that abdominal-perineal resection impacted disease-free survival and that the T4 variable had an impact on cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival. Instead, age > or = 70, N2, IIIB (p T3 p N1) and IIIC (p T3 p N2) stage impacted cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival and rate of distant metastases. Multivariate analysis showed as significant variables age > or = 70 years, pN1 and pN2 and extraperitoneal tumor location. CONCLUSIONS Our retrospective study showed a good 5-year local control. Factors such as individual pT4, pN1, pN2, age > or = 70 years, abdominal-perineal resection, stages IIIB-IIIC versus II-IIIA and extraperitoneal tumor location negatively influenced disease-free survival, distant metastases and cancer-specific survival. Differences exist between stages II and III rectal cancer and treatment modulation and intensification are required in order to offer the most appropriate and effective adjuvant treatment and to improve survival of rectal cancer patients.


Journal of Surgical Oncology | 1998

CMF + radiotherapy in the primary treatment of operable breast cancer: preliminary results of a phase II pilot study

Rocco Domenico Alfonso Bellantone; Celestino Pio Lombardi; Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Luigia Nardone; Simona Rossi; Stefano Minelli; Marco Raffaelli; F. Crucitti

Background and Objectives: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been investigated in several studies about their role in primary (neoadjuvant) treatment before surgery in breast cancer. We proposed a pilot study to evaluate a primary scheme of alternate radio‐chemotherapy in the treatment of operable (T2‐ small T3) breast cancer.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2011

Prognostic impact of hemoglobin level and other factors in patients with high-grade gliomas treated with postoperative radiochemotherapy and sequential chemotherapy based on temozolomide

Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Domenico Genovesi; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Marianna Trignani; Maria Taraborrelli; Antonietta Augurio; Roberto Buonaguidi; Renato Galzio; Marta Di Nicola

Background and PurposeTo evaluate the influence of serum hemoglobin level prior to radiotherapy and other prognostic factors on survival in patients with high-grade gliomas.Material and MethodsFrom 2001–2010, we retrospectively evaluated a total of 48 patients with malignant glioma treated with surgery and postoperative radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. A total of 37 of 48 patients received sequential temozolomide. Hemoglobin levels were assayed before radiotherapy in all patients. The Kaplan–Meier method was applied to estimate the overall survival, while the log-rank test was applied to evaluate the differences on survival probability between prognostic subgroups.ResultsResults were assessed in 43 patients. The median overall survival time was 18 months (95% confidence interval: 12–40 months). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 62.2% and 36.3%, respectively. The prognostic factors analyzed were gender, age, extent of surgery, performance status before and after radiotherapy, sequential chemotherapy, hemoglobin level, and methylation of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT). In univariate analysis, the variables significantly related to survival were performance status before and after radiotherapy, sequential chemotherapy, and hemoglobin level. The median overall survival in patients with a hemoglobin level ≤ 12 g/dl was 12 months and 23 months in patients with a hemoglobin level > 12 g/dl. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 46.7% and 20.0%, respectively, for patients with a hemoglobin level ≤ 12 mg/dl and 69.6% and 45.7%, respectively, for patients with a hemoglobin level > 12 g/dl.ConclusionOur results confirm the impact of well-known prognostic factors on survival. In this research, it was found that a low hemoglobin level before radiotherapy can adversely influence the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielDen Einfluss des Hämoglobinspiegels vor Beginne der Radiotherapie und anderer Prognosefaktoren auf das Überleben von Patienten mit High-Grade-Gliomen abzuschätzen.Patienten und MethodenVon 2001 bis 2010 haben wir 48 Patienten mit bösartigen Gliom retrospektiv beobachtet, die mit Chirurgie und Temozolomid-basierter postoperativer Chemotherapie behandelt wurden. 37 von 48 Patienten bekamen Temozolomid sequentiell. Die Hämoglobinspiegel wurden bei allen Patienten vor der Chemotherapie gemessen (Tabelle 1). Die Kaplan–Meier-Methode wurde angewendet, um die globale Überlebensrate abzuschätzen; der Log-Rank-Test wurde angewendet, um die Unterschiede der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit bei unterschiedlichen Prognose-Untergruppen abzuschätzen.ErgebnisseEs wurden die Ergebnisse von 43 Patienten ausgewertett. Die durchschnittliche Gesamt-Überlebenszeit betrug 18 Monate (95%CI 12–40 Monate), die 1- und 2-Jahres-Überlebensraten lagen bei 62,2% und 36,3% (Abbildung 1). Die analysierten Prognosefaktoren waren: Geschlecht, Alter, Umfang des chirurgischen Eingriffs, Performancezustand vor und nach der Radiotherapie, sequentielle Radiotherapie, Hämoglobinspiegel und Methylierung des O-6-Methylguanin-DNA-Methyltransferase-Gen (MGMT). Bei univariater Analyse zeigte sich eine signifikante Korrelation des Überleben mit den Variablen Performance, Zustand (vor und nach der Chemotherapie), sequentielle Chemotherapie und Hämoglobin (Tabelle 2, Tabelle 3). Die durchschnittliche Gesamt-Überlebenszeit bei Patienten mit ≤ 12 g/dl Hämoglobin betrug 12 Monate und 23 Monate bei Patienten mit > 12 g/dl Hämoglobin (Abbildung 2). Die 1- und 2-Jahres-Überlebensraten betrugen 46,7% und 20,0% bei Patienten mit ≤ 12 mg/dl und 69,6% und 45,7% bei Patienten mit > 12 g/dl Hämoglobin.SchlussfolgerungUnsere Ergebnisse bestätigen den Einfluss bewährter Prognosefaktoren auf die Überlebensraten. Wie unsere Studie ermittelte, kann ein niederer Hämoglobinspiegel vor Beginn der Radiotherapie die Prognose von Patienten mit bösartigen Gliomen negativ beeinflussen.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2011

Prognostic impact of hemoglobin level and other factors in patients with high-grade gliomas treated with postoperative radiochemotherapy and sequential chemotherapy based on temozolomide: a 10-year experience at a single institution.

Giampiero Ausili Cefaro; Domenico Genovesi; Annamaria Vinciguerra; Marianna Trignani; Maria Taraborrelli; Antonietta Augurio; Roberto Buonaguidi; Renato Galzio; Marta Di Nicola

Background and PurposeTo evaluate the influence of serum hemoglobin level prior to radiotherapy and other prognostic factors on survival in patients with high-grade gliomas.Material and MethodsFrom 2001–2010, we retrospectively evaluated a total of 48 patients with malignant glioma treated with surgery and postoperative radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. A total of 37 of 48 patients received sequential temozolomide. Hemoglobin levels were assayed before radiotherapy in all patients. The Kaplan–Meier method was applied to estimate the overall survival, while the log-rank test was applied to evaluate the differences on survival probability between prognostic subgroups.ResultsResults were assessed in 43 patients. The median overall survival time was 18 months (95% confidence interval: 12–40 months). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 62.2% and 36.3%, respectively. The prognostic factors analyzed were gender, age, extent of surgery, performance status before and after radiotherapy, sequential chemotherapy, hemoglobin level, and methylation of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT). In univariate analysis, the variables significantly related to survival were performance status before and after radiotherapy, sequential chemotherapy, and hemoglobin level. The median overall survival in patients with a hemoglobin level ≤ 12 g/dl was 12 months and 23 months in patients with a hemoglobin level > 12 g/dl. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 46.7% and 20.0%, respectively, for patients with a hemoglobin level ≤ 12 mg/dl and 69.6% and 45.7%, respectively, for patients with a hemoglobin level > 12 g/dl.ConclusionOur results confirm the impact of well-known prognostic factors on survival. In this research, it was found that a low hemoglobin level before radiotherapy can adversely influence the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielDen Einfluss des Hämoglobinspiegels vor Beginne der Radiotherapie und anderer Prognosefaktoren auf das Überleben von Patienten mit High-Grade-Gliomen abzuschätzen.Patienten und MethodenVon 2001 bis 2010 haben wir 48 Patienten mit bösartigen Gliom retrospektiv beobachtet, die mit Chirurgie und Temozolomid-basierter postoperativer Chemotherapie behandelt wurden. 37 von 48 Patienten bekamen Temozolomid sequentiell. Die Hämoglobinspiegel wurden bei allen Patienten vor der Chemotherapie gemessen (Tabelle 1). Die Kaplan–Meier-Methode wurde angewendet, um die globale Überlebensrate abzuschätzen; der Log-Rank-Test wurde angewendet, um die Unterschiede der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit bei unterschiedlichen Prognose-Untergruppen abzuschätzen.ErgebnisseEs wurden die Ergebnisse von 43 Patienten ausgewertett. Die durchschnittliche Gesamt-Überlebenszeit betrug 18 Monate (95%CI 12–40 Monate), die 1- und 2-Jahres-Überlebensraten lagen bei 62,2% und 36,3% (Abbildung 1). Die analysierten Prognosefaktoren waren: Geschlecht, Alter, Umfang des chirurgischen Eingriffs, Performancezustand vor und nach der Radiotherapie, sequentielle Radiotherapie, Hämoglobinspiegel und Methylierung des O-6-Methylguanin-DNA-Methyltransferase-Gen (MGMT). Bei univariater Analyse zeigte sich eine signifikante Korrelation des Überleben mit den Variablen Performance, Zustand (vor und nach der Chemotherapie), sequentielle Chemotherapie und Hämoglobin (Tabelle 2, Tabelle 3). Die durchschnittliche Gesamt-Überlebenszeit bei Patienten mit ≤ 12 g/dl Hämoglobin betrug 12 Monate und 23 Monate bei Patienten mit > 12 g/dl Hämoglobin (Abbildung 2). Die 1- und 2-Jahres-Überlebensraten betrugen 46,7% und 20,0% bei Patienten mit ≤ 12 mg/dl und 69,6% und 45,7% bei Patienten mit > 12 g/dl Hämoglobin.SchlussfolgerungUnsere Ergebnisse bestätigen den Einfluss bewährter Prognosefaktoren auf die Überlebensraten. Wie unsere Studie ermittelte, kann ein niederer Hämoglobinspiegel vor Beginn der Radiotherapie die Prognose von Patienten mit bösartigen Gliomen negativ beeinflussen.

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Domenico Genovesi

The Catholic University of America

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Marta Di Nicola

University of Chieti-Pescara

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Vincenzo Valentini

Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

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T. Girinsky

Institut Gustave Roussy

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Cianchetti E

University of Chieti-Pescara

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