Gigliana Maria Sobral Cavalcante

Characterization of victims of aggression and transportation accidents treated at the Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Institute - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil - 2010

The objective of this cross-sectional census study was to characterize agression and land-based transport accidents in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data was analyzed from live victims who were treated at a forensic service (N = 2.379). In the descriptive analysis, the majority of events were represented by aggression (71.6%); which occurred on weekdays (65%), with 35.1% at night. Trauma occurred to the whole body (63.6%) and to soft tissue (74.2%). On the basis of multiple correspondence analysis, two dimensions were formed: the first dimension (internal reliability = 0.654) was formed by the cause of the event, the trauma and the age group and the second dimension (reliability = 0.514), by age group, occupation and civil status. Three groups with distinct profiles were formed for accidents and aggression: young women who suffered aggression, with trauma to the face and soft tissues during the evening and at weekends; adult men who suffered car accidents, in the morning and on work days; and retired elderly widowers, who were run over.

Characteristics of Brazilian Offenders and Victims of Interpersonal Violence: An Exploratory Study

The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of Brazilian offenders and victims of interpersonal violence, following a medicolegal and forensic perspective. A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed in a Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. The sample was made up of 1,704 victims of nonlethal interpersonal violence with some type of trauma. The victims were subject to forensic examinations by a criminal investigative team that identified and recorded the extent of the injuries. For data collection, a specific form was designed consisting of four parts according to the information provided in the medicolegal and social records: sociodemographic data of the victims, offender’s characteristics, aggression characteristics, and types of injuries. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using cluster analysis (CA) were performed. The two-step cluster method was used to characterize the profile of the victims and offenders. Most of the events occurred during the nighttime (50.9%) and on weekdays (66.3%). Soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent type (94.6%). Based on the CA results, two clusters for the victims and two for the offenders were identified. Victims: Cluster 1 was formed typically by women, aged 30 to 59 years, and married; Cluster 2 was composed of men, aged 20 to 29 years, and unmarried. Offenders: Cluster 1 was characterized by men, who perpetrated violence in a community environment. Cluster 2 was formed by men, who perpetrated violence in the familiar environment. These findings revealed different risk groups with distinct characteristics for both victims and offenders, allowing the planning of targeted measures of care, prevention, and health promotion. This study assesses the profile of violence through morbidity data and significantly contributes to building an integrated system of health surveillance in Brazil, as well as linking police stations, forensic services, and emergency hospitals.

Violência interpessoal, circunstâncias das agressões e padrões dos traumas maxilofaciais na região metropolitana de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil (2008-2011)

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as circunstâncias das agressoes e os padroes dos traumas maxilofaciais entre vitimas de violencia interpessoal. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e exploratorio feito a partir da analise de 7.132 registros medico-legais e sociais de vitimas de violencia interpessoal atendidas em um Centro de Medicina Legal e Odontologia Forense. Foi feita estatistica descritiva e multivariada, usando Analise de Correspondencia Multipla. Tres grupos com perfis distintos de vitimizacao foram identificados. O primeiro grupo foi formado majoritariamente por homens, de diferentes faixas etarias, vitimas de violencia comunitaria, resultando em fratura de ossos faciais ou fratura dentoalveolar. O segundo grupo foi composto essencialmente por adolescentes (10-19 anos), de ambos os sexos, vitimas de violencia interpessoal e que nao apresentaram um padrao especifico de trauma. O terceiro grupo reuniu mulheres, adultas (≥ 20 anos), vitimas de violencia domestica, resultando em lesao de tecidos moles da face ou em outras regioes do corpo. Os resultados sugerem que as caracteristicas sociodemograficas e circunstanciais sao fatores importantes na vitimizacao por traumatismo maxilofacial e violencia interpessoal.The aim of this study was to determine the circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. This was a cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted from the analysis of 7,132 medical-legal and social records of interpersonal violence victims seen in a Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Center. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were performed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Three groups with different victimization profiles were identified. The first group was mainly composed of men of different age groups, victims of community violence that resulted in facial bones or dentoalveolar fracture. The second group was mainly composed of adolescents (10-19 years) of both sexes, victims of interpersonal violence and without specific pattern of injuries. The third group was composed of adult women (≥ 20 years) victims of domestic violence that resulted in injuries of soft tissues of face or other body regions. The results suggest that sociodemographic and circumstantial characteristics are important factors in victimization by maxillofacial injuries and interpersonal violence.

Violência contra mulheres em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida no Brasil: um estudo exploratório

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the profile of violence against women in different life cycles, according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and offenders. Methods: A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed based on 1,388 police reports during a four-year period, in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil. The dependent variable was the type of aggression suffered by the victims. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and offenders. Statistical analysis included the χ2 test (p < 0.05) and the decision tree analysis, through the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm. Results: Cases of physical abuse (n = 644) were the most common, followed by threat (n = 415) and verbal aggression (n = 285). The violence profiles could be explained by the relationship between victims and offenders (p < 0.001) and age of the victims (p = 0.026 in Node 1; p = 0.019 in Node 3). Conclusion: It was observed that women in different stages of life are more exposed to different types of violence.

Formação e perspectiva do mercado de trabalho sob o olhar de alunos de odontologia

Objective: To identify the socioeconomic profile of undergraduate dental students of a public Dental School at the State of Paraiba, Brazil and their expecta...

ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE BUCAL NAS COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS: EVOLUÇÃO E DESAFIOS – UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Objective: The aim of this literature review is to investigate aspects on oral health care in indigenous communities, highlighting the progress and challenges. Material and Methods The literature search was conducted in the databases: PubMed, SciELO, BBO and LILACS. Results: The Subsystem for Indigenous Healthcare has evolved since its inception. The creation of a new department within the Ministry of Health, the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Healthcare, responsible solely for health care of indigenous people, aimed to meet the expectations of these communities, professionals and managers regarding comprehensive and differentiated health care. One of the first initiatives of the Department was establishing the Indigenous Smiling Brazil program, which has the purpose of providing access to dental care in the local settlements by improving the structure and quality of oral health services, and by ensuring comprehensive dental care for these people. The challenges of providing dental care in indigenous areas are diverse, due to difficult geographical, linguistic and cultural aspects. Conclusion: It is important for health professionals to acquire cultural competence, and to transcend the boundaries of an assistance model focused on the individual, emphasizing prevention under a collective view, respecting and valuing social and cultural aspects of indigenous peoples. DESCRIPTORS: Oral Health. Health Public Policy. Indigenous Health. Indians. South American.