Gilberto Ken-Iti Yokomizo

Coeficientes de repetibilidade genética de caracteres em pupunheira

In Brazil, the Bactris gasipaes palm is a very useful plant for food as a source of fruits or heart palm. The interest for this species is due to the precocity of the heart palm production, rusticity, straightening up, and palatability of the heart palm. Estimates of genetic parameters, such as repeatability, are very important and fundamental for breeding program. The objective of this research was to estimate the repeatability coefficients of the characters: plant height, plant diameter and heart palm weight, using variance analysis, principal components and structural analysis. It was also determined the minimum numbers of repetitions in order to determine critic levels of real prediction values of the individual. The repeatability coefficients of the stem base diameter, plant height and heart palm weight were of low magnitude (lower than 0.4), indicating irregular behavior from one evaluation to another. For plant height, three measures are necessary to have predictions with 80% confidence. For the same confidence, for stem base diameter and heart-of-palm weight six measures will be necessary.

Análise AMMI da produtividade de grãos em linhagens de soja selecionadas para resistência à ferrugem asiática

Abstract – The objective of this work was to quantify the effects of genotype x environment (GxE) interaction on grain yield in soybean progenies pre-selected for resistance to Asian soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi ). Twelve trials evaluating progenies (lines F 6 and F 7 ) were carried out in different environments (combination of locations, years, and fungicide treatments to control late season diseases, including or not rust). Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis captured, as GxE interaction pattern, 57% of the variance associated with the residues of non-additivity, of which 44% were retained in the firstprincipal component of interaction, and the remainder in the second. The firstcomponent was associated with the differences between the years of evaluation, which denotes unpredictability. The second component, however, was associated with different crop managements, related to the control or not of the diseases. Among genotypes with wide yield adaptability, the USP 02-16.045 and USP 10-10 lineages stood out.Index terms:

Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de progênies de pupunheira para palmito

The pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) is the species with the best potential in supplying the production of palm heart, in substitution to acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and jucara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) species, traditionally produced. The objectives of this work were to estimate some genetic parameters associated to the evaluation of 31 pejibayes half-sib progenies and to classify the best progenies, using the Scott-Knott test for means classification. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, and experimental plots represented by five plants. The evaluations of plant height at the moment of fell (PHF), plant diameter in the base (PDB) and net palm heart weight (PHW) were accomplished 15, 26 and 37 months after the planting. The population presented genetic variability for selection and did not suffer genotype x cut effect; the PHW character should be tested with larger replications as it was the most sensitive character to cut effects; the genetic variation coefficient and the error variation coefficient ratio indicates that there are difficulties in the selection processes for the evaluated characters; genetic correlations among the characters PDB and PHW promise to facilitate the indirect selection for PHW by using PDB. The Scott-Knott means grouping made the distinction of the progenies in two groups.

Correlações fenotípicas entre tamanho de grãos e outros caracteres em topocruzamentos de soja tipo alimento com tipo grão

This work was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic correlation between characters in topcrosses between vegetable soybean with grain type cultivars (Doko and FT-2). Interesting values to facilitate selections were observed in correlations between one hundred seed weight (seed size) and days of maturation and between seed size and pod width as visual score. Seed yield and seed size were significantly correlated only in Dokos topcrosses. Estimated correlation from individual plants tended to confirm those obtained at mean level plot. Depending on the soybean type (grain, sprout/natto and vegetable), the correlation values were different. Because of that it is recommended different selection strategies to evaluate distinct soybean classes. Correlation studies for each topcross are important, due to differences in plant performance as observed in obtained results.This work was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic correlation between characters in topcrosses between vegetable soybean with grain type cultivars (Doko and FT-2). Interesting values to facilitate selections were observed in correlations between one hundred seed weight (seed size) and days of maturation and between seed size and pod width as visual score. Seed yield and seed size were significantly correlated only in Dokos topcrosses. Estimated correlation from individual plants tended to confirm those obtained at mean level plot. Depending on the soybean type (grain, sprout/natto and vegetable), the correlation values were different. Because of that it is recommended different selection strategies to evaluate distinct soybean classes. Correlation studies for each topcross are important, due to differences in plant performance as observed in obtained results.

Evaluation of the average performance of topcrosses among food and grain type soybean

The food type soybean (exotic) are, in general, non-adapted to the Brazilian growing conditions. A breeding strategy to develop adapted food type soybean should involve crossing exotic with the available grain type genotypes. We evaluated the performance of topcrosses among food type and grain type soybeans. Best progenies showed different performance rates in each environment and they were not always the same in the different environments and joint analysis of lodging (L), plant height at maturity (PHM) and agronomic value (AV) was essential to avoid selection of plants with good performance for one trait and bad for another.) Piracicaba autumn environment (PA) caused low individual plant yield performance (IPY), and consequently, cultivation was not economically viable in this period. Best progenies presented appropriate trait averages for inclusion in the category of vegetable soybean in all evaluated environments.

Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de progênies de Euterpe oleracea coletados no Afuá-Pará nas condições do Amapá

O fruto do acaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea) e uma das principais fontes alimentares nos Estados do Para e Amapa, despertando interesse de consumo em outras regioes e paises. Por esse motivo, foram avaliadas 75 progenies coletadas de diferentes populacoes oriundas do Afua, Estado do Para, cultivadas no Campo Experimental de Mazagao, Estado do Amapa, em relacao a caracteres vegetativos que possam resultar em melhor desenvolvimento da planta e refletir em maiores producoes. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com duas repeticoes. Os resultados permitem concluir que existem diferencas entre as progenies para a quantidade de brotacoes, porem, ao atingir a maturidade ha um processo natural em que essas diferencas sao eliminadas nas plantas adultas, indicando haver maior variabilidade nas plantas jovens que nas adultas; a relacao CVg/CVe e os valores de herdabilidade mostram que a selecao pode ser dificultada; as correlacoes confirmam que deve ser desenvolvido e realizado o manejo de perfilhos (jovens e rebentos), em decorrencia da tendencia de efeitos negativos destes sobre os demais caracteres; os valores estimados de correlacoes fenotipicas, genotipicas e residuais demonstram que os fatores ambientais contribuem para a variabilidade da especie e a analise de agrupamento permitiu a formacao de grupos dissimilares uteis para orientar futuros cruzamentos.

Phenotypic correlation between seed size and other characteristics in topcrosses of vegetable soybean with grain type

This work was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic correlation between characters in topcrosses between vegetable soybean with grain type cultivars (Doko and FT-2). Interesting values to facilitate selections were observed in correlations between one hundred seed weight (seed size) and days of maturation and between seed size and pod width as visual score. Seed yield and seed size were significantly correlated only in Dokos topcrosses. Estimated correlation from individual plants tended to confirm those obtained at mean level plot. Depending on the soybean type (grain, sprout/natto and vegetable), the correlation values were different. Because of that it is recommended different selection strategies to evaluate distinct soybean classes. Correlation studies for each topcross are important, due to differences in plant performance as observed in obtained results.This work was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic correlation between characters in topcrosses between vegetable soybean with grain type cultivars (Doko and FT-2). Interesting values to facilitate selections were observed in correlations between one hundred seed weight (seed size) and days of maturation and between seed size and pod width as visual score. Seed yield and seed size were significantly correlated only in Dokos topcrosses. Estimated correlation from individual plants tended to confirm those obtained at mean level plot. Depending on the soybean type (grain, sprout/natto and vegetable), the correlation values were different. Because of that it is recommended different selection strategies to evaluate distinct soybean classes. Correlation studies for each topcross are important, due to differences in plant performance as observed in obtained results.

Physiological quality in seeds obtained by topcrosses between vegetable soybean and grain type

Attempts were made to study the gene introgression for high physiological quality from adapted cultivars in the vegetable soybean (exotic). Promising results were obtained for all topocrosses, with increased in germination percentage in majority. General mean of the germination percentage in topcrosses with large seeds exotic parental showed an increase from 28 to 46%, and topcrosses with small seeds exotic parental, from 54 up to 60%, both cases compared to self pollinated exotic parental. Related to variance, the topcrosses showed higher values than the self pollinated exotic parental, showing to be possible the selecion of promising materials.

Desempenho de genótipos de soja no cerrado amapaense de 2009 a 2013.

A soja vem ocupando novas fronteiras agricolas, iniciando seu cultivo em areas de cerrado no Norte do pais, incluindo o Amapa, que possui localizacao estrategica, o que torna fundamental identificar e selecionar atraves de pesquisas os melhores materiais para utilizacao local. A partir disso, a Embrapa Amapa desenvolveu pesquisas com 26 cultivares comerciais e 41 linhagens experimentais em sua area de cerrado entre os anos de 2009 a 2013, sendo avaliados: numero de dias para florescimento das plantas (NDF), numero de dias para maturidade dos graos (NDM), altura da planta na maturidade (APM, em cm) e produtividade graos (PG, em kg ha-1). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que houve diferencas entre os anos de avaliacao, os genotipos e na interacao entre ambos; o coeficiente CVg/CVe indica que ha facilidade de selecao apenas com base em NDF, sendo que nas demais caracteristicas torna-se necessario o uso de metodologias estatisticas mais apuradas; a classificacao de Scott-Knott conseguiu classificar os materiais geneticos em grupos, para produtividade de graos as dez linhagens experimentais superiores foram: MABR03-3545, MABR05-22940, BRN03-5602, BRN03-7183, MABR05-24513, MABR04-52667, MABR05-24540, MABR02-1876, BRN03-5760, BR04-5290; e das cultivares comerciais foram: BRS Candeia, BRS Candeia VNH, BRS Serido VNH, BRS 219; e a correlacao existente entre produtividade e altura de plantas foi maior e isso significa que a selecao de uma destas caracteristicas dificilmente sera conseguida independente da outra; com relacao as demais correlacoes, que envolveram apenas numero de dias para florescimento e maturidade com altura de planta, foram baixas e com isso estas caracteristicas sao praticamente independentes.

Dissimilaridade morfológica entre progênies de açaizeiro provenientes de Anajás - PA.

O consumo do suco de acai tem aumentado no pais e no exterior, principalmente por ser um alimento funcional, havendo a necessidade de pesquisas de melhoramento para atender essa crescente demanda. Com o objetivo de avaliar a dissimilaridade para fins de selecao, 30 progenies de meios-irmaos de acaizeiros provenientes do municipio de Anajas e cultivadas em Tome-Acu, Para, foram avaliados para as seguintes caracteristicas: peso medio do cacho (PMC), em gramas; peso total de frutos (PTF), em gramas; peso medio do cacho vazio (PMCV), em gramas; tamanho medio da raquis/cacho (TMR), em centimetros; peso medio de 100 frutos (PCF), em gramas; numero total de cachos (NTC) e; peso total do cacho (PTC), sendo obtida pela multiplicacao entre PMC e NTC. Os resultados mostram que nao houve relacoes de CVg/CVe acima de 0,70; PMCV e PCF juntas foram responsaveis por 58,514% a 65,394% da diversidade total; no fenograma de dissimilaridade os dois grupos maiores englobaram 76,7% e 86,7% das progenies nos limites de dissimilaridade de 50 e 70%, respectivamente. As conclusoes sao de que houve interacao GxE significativa em todas as caracteristicas, com maior contribuicao dos efeitos ambientais; a relacao CVg/CVe nas caracteristicas avaliadas mostram ganhos geneticos baixos na selecao; PTF, TR e PMC podem ser descartadas e PMCV e PCF devem ser mantidas; em todas as caracteristicas existe divergencia entre as progenies para a escolha de parentais a serem envolvidos em cruzamentos dirigidos e; as progenies nao se classificaram de forma sequencial no fenograma de dissimilaridade.