Giordana de Cássia Pinheiro da Motta

Factors associated with smoking in pregnancy.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.E um estudo descritivo transversal que teve por objetivo identificar os fatores relacionados ao tabagismo na gestacao. A amostra incluiu 267 puerperas, atendidas em uma unidade de internacao obstetrica de um hospital universitario de Porto Alegre, RS. Os dados foram coletados por instrumentos autoaplicados e analisados estatisticamente. A maioria das puerperas (51,3%) tinha entre 18 e 25 anos, sendo 55,4% nao fumantes, 25,5% fumantes em abstinencia e 19,1% fumantes. As nao fumantes consultaram mais do que as fumantes e fumantes em abstinencia (p=0,025). O numero de mulheres com mais de um filho foi maior entre as fumantes (p=0,002), e aquelas que se mostraram mais propensas a parar de fumar, antes da gestacao, foram as que tinham um companheiro nao fumante (p=0,007). Os fatores que influenciam o tabagismo e a sua cessacao sao diversos, o que determina intervencoes no pre-natal, direcionadas as necessidades das gestantes e seus companheiros.

Fatores associados ao tabagismo na gestação

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.E um estudo descritivo transversal que teve por objetivo identificar os fatores relacionados ao tabagismo na gestacao. A amostra incluiu 267 puerperas, atendidas em uma unidade de internacao obstetrica de um hospital universitario de Porto Alegre, RS. Os dados foram coletados por instrumentos autoaplicados e analisados estatisticamente. A maioria das puerperas (51,3%) tinha entre 18 e 25 anos, sendo 55,4% nao fumantes, 25,5% fumantes em abstinencia e 19,1% fumantes. As nao fumantes consultaram mais do que as fumantes e fumantes em abstinencia (p=0,025). O numero de mulheres com mais de um filho foi maior entre as fumantes (p=0,002), e aquelas que se mostraram mais propensas a parar de fumar, antes da gestacao, foram as que tinham um companheiro nao fumante (p=0,007). Os fatores que influenciam o tabagismo e a sua cessacao sao diversos, o que determina intervencoes no pre-natal, direcionadas as necessidades das gestantes e seus companheiros.

Prevenção e manejo não farmacológico da dor no recém-nascido

OBJECTIVE To describe the main non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief in newborns available in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHOD An exploratory search of the MedLine, Lilacs and Scielo online databases was conducted to retrieve references of studies published from 2004 to 2013. RESULTS Several non-pharmacological interventions were shown to be effective, to represent low risk for neonates and to have a low operational cost. The ones most often discussed in the literature were: oral administration of glucose/sucrose, non-nutritive sucking, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, facilitated tucking and swaddling. CONCLUSION Healthcare teams should be familiar with these methods and use them more effectively in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit daily routines, so as to ensure that newborns receive qualified and more human care.

Cross-cultural adaptation and clinical validation of the Neonatal Skin Condition Score to Brazilian Portuguese

OBJECTIVE: to describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation and clinical validation of the Neonatal Skin Condition Score. METHODS: this methodological cross-cultural adaptation study included five steps: initial translation, synthesis of the initial translation, back translation, review by an Committee of Specialists and testing of the pre-final version, and an observational cross-sectional study with analysis of the psychometric properties using the Adjusted Kappa, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and Bland-Altman Method statistical tests. A total of 38 professionals were randomly recruited to review the clarity of the adapted instrument, and 47 newborns hospitalized in the Neonatology Unit of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre were selected by convenience for the clinical validation of the instrument. RESULTS: the adapted scale showed approximately 85% clarity. The statistical tests showed moderate to strong intra and interobserver item to item reliability and from strong to very strong in the total score, with a variation of less than 2 points among the scores assigned by the nurses to the patients. CONCLUSIONS: the scale was adapted and validated to Brazilian Portuguese. The psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Neonatal Skin Condition Score instrument were similar to the validation results of the original scale.

Prevention and non-pharmacological management of pain in newborns.

OBJECTIVE To describe the main non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief in newborns available in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHOD An exploratory search of the MedLine, Lilacs and Scielo online databases was conducted to retrieve references of studies published from 2004 to 2013. RESULTS Several non-pharmacological interventions were shown to be effective, to represent low risk for neonates and to have a low operational cost. The ones most often discussed in the literature were: oral administration of glucose/sucrose, non-nutritive sucking, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, facilitated tucking and swaddling. CONCLUSION Healthcare teams should be familiar with these methods and use them more effectively in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit daily routines, so as to ensure that newborns receive qualified and more human care.

Late-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm infants with birth weight under 1.500 g

OBJECTIVE The research objective was to characterize preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g, and to identify the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis among this population. METHODS A prospective cohort study with a sample of 30 preterm newborns that weighed under 1500 g and were hospitalized in the NICU of the university hospital. Data were collected from January to December 2013 using a structured instrument. RESULTS Of the 30 neonates included in the study, 14 developed late-onset neonatal sepsis with a prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis indicates a vulnerability in preterm infants due to immunological immaturity. These results reveal that knowledge of the profile of newborn infants admitted to the NICU and the risk factors to which they are exposed are central to the planning of nursing care for these patients. Future studies should address strategies for preventing nosocomial infection.

Sepsis neonatal tardía en recién nacidos prematuros con peso al nacer menor que 1.500g

OBJECTIVE The research objective was to characterize preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g, and to identify the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis among this population. METHODS A prospective cohort study with a sample of 30 preterm newborns that weighed under 1500 g and were hospitalized in the NICU of the university hospital. Data were collected from January to December 2013 using a structured instrument. RESULTS Of the 30 neonates included in the study, 14 developed late-onset neonatal sepsis with a prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis indicates a vulnerability in preterm infants due to immunological immaturity. These results reveal that knowledge of the profile of newborn infants admitted to the NICU and the risk factors to which they are exposed are central to the planning of nursing care for these patients. Future studies should address strategies for preventing nosocomial infection.

Sepse neonatal tardia em recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso ao nascer inferior a 1.500g

OBJECTIVE The research objective was to characterize preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g, and to identify the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis among this population. METHODS A prospective cohort study with a sample of 30 preterm newborns that weighed under 1500 g and were hospitalized in the NICU of the university hospital. Data were collected from January to December 2013 using a structured instrument. RESULTS Of the 30 neonates included in the study, 14 developed late-onset neonatal sepsis with a prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis indicates a vulnerability in preterm infants due to immunological immaturity. These results reveal that knowledge of the profile of newborn infants admitted to the NICU and the risk factors to which they are exposed are central to the planning of nursing care for these patients. Future studies should address strategies for preventing nosocomial infection.

Factores asociados al tabaquismo en la gestación

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.E um estudo descritivo transversal que teve por objetivo identificar os fatores relacionados ao tabagismo na gestacao. A amostra incluiu 267 puerperas, atendidas em uma unidade de internacao obstetrica de um hospital universitario de Porto Alegre, RS. Os dados foram coletados por instrumentos autoaplicados e analisados estatisticamente. A maioria das puerperas (51,3%) tinha entre 18 e 25 anos, sendo 55,4% nao fumantes, 25,5% fumantes em abstinencia e 19,1% fumantes. As nao fumantes consultaram mais do que as fumantes e fumantes em abstinencia (p=0,025). O numero de mulheres com mais de um filho foi maior entre as fumantes (p=0,002), e aquelas que se mostraram mais propensas a parar de fumar, antes da gestacao, foram as que tinham um companheiro nao fumante (p=0,007). Os fatores que influenciam o tabagismo e a sua cessacao sao diversos, o que determina intervencoes no pre-natal, direcionadas as necessidades das gestantes e seus companheiros.

Perceptions of smokers in abstinence about the benefits from smoking cessation: a qualitative study

This article has the objective of identify the benefits to health related to smoke quitting from the perspective of smokers in abstinence. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre who have ceased smoking for more than six months, with dependence ≥ 5 in the Fagerstrom scale, were interviewed between 2005 and 2006. Information was examined through content analysis. The benefits of smoke quitting were translated into the improvement of self-esteem, personal looking and physical environment, physical activity and other activities yielding and life valuing. Results acknowledged that feeling the benefits from smoking cessation and be praised by society because of the change of look and behaviour stimulate smokers to keep in abstinence.