Isabel Cristina Echer

ELABORAÇÃO DE MANUAIS DE ORIENTAÇÃO PARA O CUIDADO EM SAÚDE

Este artigo relata a experiencia da autora na construcao de manuais de orientacao para o cuidado em saude, no qual a descricao da metodologia utilizada e o foco principal. Tais manuais de orientacao tem como objetivo subsidiar a orientacao verbal dos profissionais da saude aos pacientes e familiares, reforcando assim, a educacao em saude.This article is an experiment report on the authors development of health care guideline manuals, focusing on a methodological description. These guiding manuals aim to support health care professionals to provide oral teaching to patients and family members, thus enhancing health education.

Determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation

This study aimed to analyze determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil, who had ceased smoking for more than six months, with score ≥ 5 according to Fagerstrom scale, were interviewed. Information was examined through Content Analysis according to the following steps: pre-analysis, material investigation and result treatment. Smoking cessation was a consequence of a group of factors, with determination (the will to cease smoking and the difficulty to cease smoking) and the received support (occupational; family; social, and spiritual, and through a specific course and support groups) as the focus of this article. The results suggest that the smoker’s determination to cease smoking together with the support of society segments and the benefits from that are helpful factors in the smoking cessation process.This study aimed to analyze determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil, who had ceased smoking for more than six months, with score >; 5 according to Fagerstrom scale, were interviewed. Information was examined through Content Analysis according to the following steps: pre-analysis, material investigation and result treatment. Smoking cessation was a consequence of a group of factors, with determination (the will to cease smoking and the difficulty to cease smoking) and the received support (occupational; family; social, and spiritual, and through a specific course and support groups) as the focus of this article. The results suggest that the smokers determination to cease smoking together with the support of society segments and the benefits from that are helpful factors in the smoking cessation process.This study aimed to analyze determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil, who had ceased smoking for more than six months, with score > or = 5 according to Fagerström scale, were interviewed. Information was examined through Content Analysis according to the following steps: pre-analysis, material investigation and result treatment. Smoking cessation was a consequence of a group of factors, with determination (the will to cease smoking and the difficulty to cease smoking) and the received support (occupational; family; social, and spiritual, and through a specific course and support groups) as the focus of this article. The results suggest that the smokers determination to cease smoking together with the support of society segments and the benefits from that are helpful factors in the smoking cessation process.

Nursing Interventions in the Clinical Practice of an Intensive Care Unit

Este e estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em um hospital universitario com os objetivos de descrever as intervencoes de enfermagem mais utilizadas na pratica clinica de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, com base nas prescricoes de enfermagem, e analisar a sua similaridade com a Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). A amostra constou de 991 internacoes de pacientes. Os dados foram coletados, retrospectivamente, em base informatizada, e analisados pela estatistica descritiva e mapeamento cruzado. Identificaram-se 57 diferentes intervencoes/NIC, frequentemente utilizadas na unidade, sendo a maioria no dominio fisiologico complexo (42%) e fisiologico basico (37%), nas classes de controle respiratorio e facilitacao do autocuidado. Em 97,2% dos casos houve similaridade entre as prescricoes de enfermagem da unidade e as intervencoes/NIC. Conclui-se que as intervencoes/NIC, utilizadas na pratica clinica da unidade de terapia intensiva, refletem o nivel de complexidade do cuidado de enfermagem nessa unidade, destinando-se, principalmente, a regulacao do funcionamento fisico e homeostatico do organismo.

Factors associated with smoking in pregnancy.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.E um estudo descritivo transversal que teve por objetivo identificar os fatores relacionados ao tabagismo na gestacao. A amostra incluiu 267 puerperas, atendidas em uma unidade de internacao obstetrica de um hospital universitario de Porto Alegre, RS. Os dados foram coletados por instrumentos autoaplicados e analisados estatisticamente. A maioria das puerperas (51,3%) tinha entre 18 e 25 anos, sendo 55,4% nao fumantes, 25,5% fumantes em abstinencia e 19,1% fumantes. As nao fumantes consultaram mais do que as fumantes e fumantes em abstinencia (p=0,025). O numero de mulheres com mais de um filho foi maior entre as fumantes (p=0,002), e aquelas que se mostraram mais propensas a parar de fumar, antes da gestacao, foram as que tinham um companheiro nao fumante (p=0,007). Os fatores que influenciam o tabagismo e a sua cessacao sao diversos, o que determina intervencoes no pre-natal, direcionadas as necessidades das gestantes e seus companheiros.

Prevalence of smoking among employees of a university hospital

Este e um estudo transversal, e teve como objetivo identificar a prevalencia do tabagismo em funcionarios de um hospital universitario do Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu no ano 2008, durante exame periodico de saude dos funcionarios, por meio de questionario, de acordo com a condicao tabagica dos mesmos. A amostra ficou constituida por 1.475 sujeitos, desses, 979 (66,4%) eram nao fumantes, 295 (20%) ex-fumantes e 201 (13,6%) fumantes. O predominio de fumantes esta entre funcionarios com menor nivel de instrucao e entre aqueles que exerciam atividades em cargos administrativos. Identificou-se, entre os fumantes, dependencia leve, desejo e grau de motivacao elevados para cessar o tabagismo, sendo o principal motivo a preocupacao com a saude. Assim, considerando-se a motivacao dos funcionarios para parar de fumar, recomenda-se aproveitar esse momento para realizar trabalho de educacao em saude e apoio profissional especifico, para que o processo de cessacao do tabagismo ocorra.This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of smoking among employees of a university hospital in Southern Brazil. Data collection happened in 2008, during the periodic health exam, using a questionnaire, according to the smoking status of the employees. The sample consisted of 1,475 subjects, in which 979 (66.4%) were non-smokers, 295 (20%) former smokers and 201 (13.6%) smokers. Smoking was more prevalent among employees with lower education levels and among professionals in administrative positions. Among smokers, low dependence was identified, as well as desire and high degree of motivation to stop smoking, with health concerns as the main reason. Thus, taking into account the motivation of smokers to stop smoking, this is an appropriate time for health education and specific support to employees in the process of smoking cessation.

The development of handbooks of health care guidelines

Este artigo relata a experiencia da autora na construcao de manuais de orientacao para o cuidado em saude, no qual a descricao da metodologia utilizada e o foco principal. Tais manuais de orientacao tem como objetivo subsidiar a orientacao verbal dos profissionais da saude aos pacientes e familiares, reforcando assim, a educacao em saude.This article is an experiment report on the authors development of health care guideline manuals, focusing on a methodological description. These guiding manuals aim to support health care professionals to provide oral teaching to patients and family members, thus enhancing health education.

Intervenções de enfermagem utilizadas na prática clínica de uma unidade de terapia intensiva

Este e estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em um hospital universitario com os objetivos de descrever as intervencoes de enfermagem mais utilizadas na pratica clinica de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, com base nas prescricoes de enfermagem, e analisar a sua similaridade com a Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). A amostra constou de 991 internacoes de pacientes. Os dados foram coletados, retrospectivamente, em base informatizada, e analisados pela estatistica descritiva e mapeamento cruzado. Identificaram-se 57 diferentes intervencoes/NIC, frequentemente utilizadas na unidade, sendo a maioria no dominio fisiologico complexo (42%) e fisiologico basico (37%), nas classes de controle respiratorio e facilitacao do autocuidado. Em 97,2% dos casos houve similaridade entre as prescricoes de enfermagem da unidade e as intervencoes/NIC. Conclui-se que as intervencoes/NIC, utilizadas na pratica clinica da unidade de terapia intensiva, refletem o nivel de complexidade do cuidado de enfermagem nessa unidade, destinando-se, principalmente, a regulacao do funcionamento fisico e homeostatico do organismo.

Determinação e apoio como fatores de sucesso no abandono do tabagismo

This study aimed to analyze determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil, who had ceased smoking for more than six months, with score ≥ 5 according to Fagerstrom scale, were interviewed. Information was examined through Content Analysis according to the following steps: pre-analysis, material investigation and result treatment. Smoking cessation was a consequence of a group of factors, with determination (the will to cease smoking and the difficulty to cease smoking) and the received support (occupational; family; social, and spiritual, and through a specific course and support groups) as the focus of this article. The results suggest that the smoker’s determination to cease smoking together with the support of society segments and the benefits from that are helpful factors in the smoking cessation process.This study aimed to analyze determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil, who had ceased smoking for more than six months, with score >; 5 according to Fagerstrom scale, were interviewed. Information was examined through Content Analysis according to the following steps: pre-analysis, material investigation and result treatment. Smoking cessation was a consequence of a group of factors, with determination (the will to cease smoking and the difficulty to cease smoking) and the received support (occupational; family; social, and spiritual, and through a specific course and support groups) as the focus of this article. The results suggest that the smokers determination to cease smoking together with the support of society segments and the benefits from that are helpful factors in the smoking cessation process.This study aimed to analyze determination and support as successful factors for smoking cessation. Qualitative study in which 16 individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil, who had ceased smoking for more than six months, with score > or = 5 according to Fagerström scale, were interviewed. Information was examined through Content Analysis according to the following steps: pre-analysis, material investigation and result treatment. Smoking cessation was a consequence of a group of factors, with determination (the will to cease smoking and the difficulty to cease smoking) and the received support (occupational; family; social, and spiritual, and through a specific course and support groups) as the focus of this article. The results suggest that the smokers determination to cease smoking together with the support of society segments and the benefits from that are helpful factors in the smoking cessation process.

Fatores associados ao tabagismo na gestação

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.E um estudo descritivo transversal que teve por objetivo identificar os fatores relacionados ao tabagismo na gestacao. A amostra incluiu 267 puerperas, atendidas em uma unidade de internacao obstetrica de um hospital universitario de Porto Alegre, RS. Os dados foram coletados por instrumentos autoaplicados e analisados estatisticamente. A maioria das puerperas (51,3%) tinha entre 18 e 25 anos, sendo 55,4% nao fumantes, 25,5% fumantes em abstinencia e 19,1% fumantes. As nao fumantes consultaram mais do que as fumantes e fumantes em abstinencia (p=0,025). O numero de mulheres com mais de um filho foi maior entre as fumantes (p=0,002), e aquelas que se mostraram mais propensas a parar de fumar, antes da gestacao, foram as que tinham um companheiro nao fumante (p=0,007). Os fatores que influenciam o tabagismo e a sua cessacao sao diversos, o que determina intervencoes no pre-natal, direcionadas as necessidades das gestantes e seus companheiros.

Nursing diagnoses among kidney transplant recipients: evidence from clinical practice.

Purpose Identify the nursing diagnoses applied to kidney transplant recipients at a Brazilian hospital. Methods Cross-sectional study with a study sample of 165 patients who underwent transplant from January 2007 through January 2009. Conclusions Six nursing diagnoses were most prevalent among kidney transplant recipients in the postoperative period: risk for infection, impaired urinary elimination, ineffective protection, bathing self-care deficit, impaired tissue integrity, and acute pain. Implications for Nursing Practice Provide information on the priority health needs of these patients and reinforced the importance of the proper development of the nursing care plan. Objetivo Identificar os diagnosticos de enfermagem aplicados a receptores de transplante de rim em um hospital brasileiro. Metodos Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 165 pacientes submetidos ao transplante entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2009. Conclusoes Seis diagnosticos de enfermagem foram mais prevalentes entre os receptores de transplante de rim no periodo pos-operatorio: Risco de infeccao, Eliminacao urinaria prejudicada, Protecao ineficaz, Deficit no auto-cuidado: banho, Integridade tissular prejudicada e Dor aguda. Implicacoes Para a Pratica de Enfermagem Prover informacoes sobre as necessidades prioritarias desses pacientes e reforcar a importância do desenvolvimento adequado de um plano de cuidados de enfermagem.PURPOSE Identify the nursing diagnoses applied to kidney transplant recipients at a Brazilian hospital. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a study sample of 165 patients who underwent transplant from January 2007 through January 2009. CONCLUSIONS Six nursing diagnoses were most prevalent among kidney transplant recipients in the postoperative period: risk for infection, impaired urinary elimination, ineffective protection, bathing self-care deficit, impaired tissue integrity, and acute pain. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Provide information on the priority health needs of these patients and reinforced the importance of the proper development of the nursing care plan.