Givanildo Roncatto

Enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de diferentes espécies de maracujazeiro

The present work was performed at the Fruit Growing Propagation Area of the Plant Production Departament of the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), with the objective of verifying the obtainment potencial of passion fruit seedlings by cutting propagation at Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener and Passiflora alata Dryander commercial species, and at Passiflora giberti N.E.Brown, Passiflora nitida H.B.K. and Passiflora setacea D.C. rootstocks. The trial was conducted under greenhouse condition with 50% of shading and intermittent nebulization chamber conditions. The cuttings were collected from adult plants of the germoplasm bank of the Plant Production Departament of the FCAV/UNESP and others from commercial orchards, like P. edulis f. flavicarpa. The intermediate part of the last growth branches in the growth stage and herbaceous cuttings with 15cm, three nodes and two half leaves were colected on June and October, 2000 and April, 2001. The cuttings were treated with Indolebutyric Acid (IBA) in 500, 1000 e 2000mg.L-1 concentrations and without using IBA (control), and cultivated in plastic trays (40x30x10cm) with vermiculite during 60 days. The rooting percentage was better for P. edulis f. flavicarpa in spring (October) with 76,7% without using IBA (control). P. alata Dryander and P. nitida rooted in different seasons using 500 mg.L-1 of IBA. P. giberti rooted in spring, but without using IBA. The number and lenght of roots was higher in October. The surviving rate, as well as dead cuttings was higher on June 2000. P. setacea did not root.

Produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo por enxertia hipocotiledonar sobre sete espécies de passifloras

O maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) e a principal Passifloraceae cultivada no Brasil, e seu cultivo tem encontrado algumas dificuldades, principalmente no que concerne a longevidade dos pomares, a qual tem sido reduzida devido a incidencia de doencas e nematoides que atacam o seu sistema radicular. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer tecnologias para a producao de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo, atraves da enxertia hipocotiledonar, sobre sete porta-enxertos. Os porta-enxertos utilizados foram: P. edulis f. flavicarpa; P. caerulea; P. alata; P. gibertii; P. coccinea; P. cincinnata e P. setacea. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 36 repeticoes para cada porta-enxerto. As caracteristicas avaliadas foram: percentual de sobrevivencia dos enxertos, altura das plantas, numero de folhas, diâmetro do porta-enxerto. A metodologia de enxertia hipocotiledonar testada foi bem-sucedida para a maioria das especies testadas. Destacaram-se os porta-enxertos: P. caerulea; P. gibertii; P. cincinnata e P. flavicarpa, tanto pelo alto indice de pegamento como pela precocidade na obtencao da muda.

Aspectos histológicos da união da enxertia hipocotiledonar do maracujazeiro-amarelo

The objective of this work was to observe, one month after the hypocotyledonary grafting, the connection between the vascular tissues of the graft, the rootstock and anatomical differences in the formation of the graft union among the seven rootstocks. Samples were collected from the region of grafting of two seedlings from each graft/rootstock combination. The regions of the graft were fixed, dehydrated in alcohol series, embedded in paraffin, blocks processing and sectioned in microtome. The sections obtained were mounted on glass slides, disparafinned, stained with Safranin and dried again, resulting in permanent histological slides. Approximately 800 sections were observed and analyzed by optical microscope and photomicrographed. There was anatomical difference in the formation of the graft union among the seven rootstocks, and one month after, the connection between the graft and vascular tissues of the rootstock was observable.

Estudo da enxertia hipocotiledonar do maracujazeiro-amarelo sobre dois porta-enxertos, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar quanto tempo apos a realizacao da enxertia hipocotiledonar ocorre a soldadura ou adesao entre enxerto e porta-enxerto, e tambem a formacao da ponte de calo, verificada pelo total preenchimento da fenda por tecido meristematico secundario (calo). Foram produzidas 56 mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) pela enxertia hipocotiledonar em fenda cheia no topo sobre dois porta-enxertos (P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. e P. alata Dryander). Aos 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 e 18 dias apos a enxertia, coletou-se a regiao da enxertia de quatro mudas de cada combinacao. O material coletado foi fixado em solucao de glutaraldeido a 3%, pos-fixado em tetroxido de osmio a 2%, desidratado em uma serie de alcool etilico (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100%), levado ao secador de ponto critico (CO2), montado, metalizado com ouro - paladio (35 nm) e, por fim, observados e eletromicrografados em microscopio eletronico de varredura JEOL JSM 5410 (operado em 15 kV). Verificou-se que, aos seis dias apos a enxertia, a soldadura para o porta-enxerto Passiflora alata ja havia ocorrido, o que so foi constatado para Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa aos nove dias. Tambem, aos nove dias, observou-se para ambos os porta-enxertos a completa formacao da ponte de calo, indicando que, a partir dai, pode-se iniciar o processo de aclimatacao da muda, para leva-la a um ambiente de menor umidade.

Pegamento da enxertia em diferentes combinações de variedades e espécies utilizadas como copa e como porta-enxertos de maracujazeiro

ABSTRACT - Brazil is the largest producer of passion fruit. But, in spite of its prominent position, life of passion fruit plant has been reduced mainly due to damage caused by root diseases. As grafting with native species is resistant to diseases, presenting an alternative of production, this research aimed to evaluate the success of grafting in the combinations of scion varieties and species of rootstocks of passion fruit plant. The study was conducted in screenhouse (50% shaded) at Acre Embrapa, Rio Branco, between September and December in 2007. The scion variety used for all treatments was the yellow passion fruit ‘FB 100’ and ‘FB 200’ from Flora Brazil (Araguari, MG) nursery and 5 other regional varieties (UFAC, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco-AC) and the rootstocks were Passiflora edulis (yellow passion fruit) (Cuiaba-MT), P. alata, P. edulis (purple passion fruit) and P. quadrangularis (Guiratinga-MT), P. serrato-digitata (IAC-Campinas/SP). The seeds were previously soaked in distilled water for about 24 h and then sown in plastic tubes (25x5cm) with Plantmax

Enraizamento de estacas de espécies de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) no inverno e no verão

The passion fruit plant is among the leading fruit grown in the country, but it has limitations on the cultivation causing a low productivity, which can be overcome through the use of cutting, cloning the best matrices of high productivity. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for rooting of cuttings in the winter and in the summer, using the commercial species (P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener and P. alata Dryander) and rootstocks (P. giberti N. E. Brown, P. nitida H.B.K. and P. setacea D.C.). This experiment was carried out from July 2001 to March 2002 in intermittent mist, under screenhouse conditions (50% of shading). The cuttings were collected from adult plants from the Bank of Active Germplasm (BAG) of the Department of Plant Production of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal-SP (FCAV / UNESP) and from commercial orchards on July 2001 and January 2002. The herbaceous cuttings were prepared with the intermediate part of branches collected in the growth stage in the winter and in the summer. The cuttings were approximately 15cm long, with three nodes and two half leaves. The cuttings were treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000mg.L-1, for five seconds and planted in plastic trays (40x30x10cm) with vermiculite of medium texture, where they remained for 60 days. There was influence both from IBA and the season on the rooting, varying according to the species. Therefore, P. giberti obtained the best performance in relation to other species, with 73% of rooting in the summer, while the percentage of rooting was best for the P. alata (58%) and for the P. nitida (40%) in the winter and without IBA. P. edulis f. flavicarpa rooted only 23% in the winter, and P. setacea did not root. Number and length of roots were higher in the winter. The survival of plants did not differ significantly among treatments.

Desenvolvimento de plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidas por enxertia hipocotiledonar em cinco porta-enxertos de passifloras silvestres

The experiment was carried out in an area of a small producer supplier of Maguari (Kraft Foods of Brazil) in Araguari-MG, and aimed to assess the development of yellow passion fruit plant grafted on five rootstocks of native passifloraceas using the hypocotyledonary grafting method. The treatments used as rootstocks were P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. caerulea, P. alata, P. gibertii and P. cincinnata. The yellow passion fruit non-grafted seedlings were used as control, completing six treatments. For all treatments, the yellow passion plant FB 200 was used as canopy crown variety. It was used the experimental design randomized blocks with three repetitions. The plot was formed by a line of 20 meters long containing four plants. The passion fruit planting was done according to cultural treatments recommended for this culture. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, diameter of the region of grafting, the scion diameter, diameter of the rootstock, relation between scion and rootstock. The plants of P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. caerulea and the non-grafted seedlings showed better development. Plants of the rootstock P. alata had the worst development. Although the non-grafted seedlings have exceeded the development of grafted with P. cincinnata e P. gibertii, they did not differ significantly from them, and the rootstock P. alata negatively influenced on the plant height, number of leaves, diameter of the region of grafting, the graft diameter, diameter of the rootstock, relation between scion and rootstock.

Modalidades de enxertia para maracujazeiro: avaliação preliminar nas condições da Depressão Cuiabana

This research attempts to evaluate the two grafting methods to the culture of the passionfruit tree under Cuiaba depression conditions. The trial was done at Experimental Farm nursery of the Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Faculty - FAMEV of the Mato Grosso Federal University, located in Santo Antonio do Leverger town. It was used grafting methods type of full cleft grafting and lateral grafting, in three points in the rootstock: the top of the plant, above of 3 leafs and above of 5 leafs. The seedlings used like rootstocks were resultant of seeds came from Agronomic Institute of Campinas/IAC - SP of the cultivated IAC 275 of the acess Roxinho miudo. The saddle graftings were taken from seedlings with 3 months old year, 0,5 cm of the diameter, of the cultivated IAC 275. It was used 15 plants in each grafting method, 30 plants in total. The full cleft grafting method shown better results in the growing of the plant. As to the points in the rootstock the better results were found above 5 leafs than above 3 leafs or on the top of the plant. The full cleft grafting and saddle grafting in the rootstock got 98% of success, conclunding that it was the most adequate technic.

Avaliação do desenvolvimento de maracujá-doce (Passiflora alata Dryander) propagado por estaquia e por semente em condições de pomar comercial

The present work was conducted in a fruit tree propagation area of the Plant Production Department of the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP) in Jaboticabal, SP, and also in a commercial orchard in Araguari, MG, with the objective to verify the potential of vegetative growth (stem diameter, height of plants and leaf number) of plants of passion fruit (Passiflora alata Dryander), gotten by cutting and seed, comparing the initial development of plants in the field. This experiment was carried out from January 2002 to February 2003. The experiment using seeds was conducted at a shadow house, and the one that used cuttings in an intermitent mist. The cuttings and seeds were collected from adult plants which came from Passifloraceae Active Germoplasm Bank (BAG) of the Plant Production Department of FCAV/UNESP. For the cuttings, it was used the intermediate part of the branches in stadium of vegetative growth. The seeds, in order to obtain the seedlings, had been sown in plastic trays. Cuttings and seedlings were transplanted to plastic bags with substrate in shadow house and with daily irrigation. They were acclimatized and planted on field, after 60 days. On field, the stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves were better for cuttings than for seedlings in Jaboticabal, SP. In Araguari, MG, stem diameter was larger in the seedlings, while plant heigths and number of leaves were larger on cuttings.

SeLeçãO De PORTA-eNXeRTOS PARA MARACUJAZeIRO-AMAReLO NAS CONDIçÕeS DA DePReSSãO CUIABANA

A Agenda 21 e um plano de acao aprovado na Conferencia das Nacoes Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, a Rio-92, realizada no Rio de Janeiro. No documento estao definidos os compromissos que 179 paises assinaram e assumiram de construir um novo modelo de desenvolvimento. Trata-se de um plano que resulte em melhor qualidade de vida para a humanidade e que seja economica, social e ambientalmente sustentavel. Desde 2002, o nosso pais tem uma agenda 21 Brasileira. Falta em Mato Grosso que as demais esferas de governo articulem e organizem a Agenda 21 local. Entre as tres cidades mais populosas de Mato Grosso, apenas Varzea Grande esta com o documento elaborado desde 2007. E necessario que os municipios se atentem para implantar os compromissos para a defesa do meio ambiente.