Lauro Saraiva Lessa

Características agronômicas de genótipos de bananeira em três ciclos de produção em Rio Branco, AC

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar caracteristicas agronomicas de genotipos de bananeira, em tres ciclos de producao. O experimento foi realizado em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e cinco repeticoes, em Rio Branco, AC. Os genotipos Preciosa, Japira, Pacovan Ken, Pacovan, PA42-44, Prata-ana, ST12-31, FHIA 02, Nanicao, Grande Naine, Calipso, Ambrosia e Bucaneiro foram avaliados quanto aos caracteres: altura da planta; diâmetro do pseudocaule; numero de folhas vivas na floracao e na colheita; ciclo de formacao do cacho da floracao a colheita; numero de pencas por cacho; massa do fruto e do cacho; e produtividade. As cultivares Preciosa e Pacovan Ken apresentaram as maiores alturas, e os hibridos PA42-44 e FHIA 02, e as cultivares Prata-ana, Nanicao e Grande Naine, o porte mais baixo. As cultivares Nanicao, Ambrosia, Bucaneiro, Pacovan, Prata-ana e Grande Naine e o hibrido ST12-31 apresentaram os menores numeros de folhas vivas na colheita. A cultivar Preciosa e o hibrido FHIA 02 foram os mais produtivos. Os hibridos PA42-44 e FHIA 02 apresentam caracteristicas agronomicas promissoras e podem ser incorporados ao sistema produtivo, assim como os hibridos de Pacovan, ja adaptados e recomendados para o cultivo no Estado do Acre.

Agronomic and molecular characterization of diploid improved banana genotypes.

An investigation about the genetical diversity among eleven banana diploid genotypes using nine agronomical characteristics and sixteen microsatellite markers was implanted at Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, Cruz das Almas (BA), Brazil. The generalized distance of Mahalanobis indicated the presence of genetic diversity. The genotypes were grouped into tree clusters. Among the investigated characteristics, the plant height, number of bunchs, number of fruits per bunch and pseudostem exhibited high contribution towards genetic divergence. The average number of alleles per primer was 7.51, with a total of 120 alleles identified. The average similarity among the all diploid was 0.44, range from 0.29 up to 0.60. New parental combinations can be identified with base of the divergence between these diploids, contributing for development of new improved diploids preventing the narrow genetic base and creating new genetic variability for selection.

Estimativa de repetibilidade para caracteres de qualidade de frutos de laranjeira-doce

The objective of this work was to determine the repeatability coefficient of fruit quality characteristics of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and the minimum number of evaluations that can provide levels of prediction certainty of the true genotype value. Thirty nine genotypes of sweet orange, collected in nine municipalities of the state of Acre, Brazil, were evaluated in five crop cycles. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates. The following were evaluated: average fruit weight, juice yield, peel thickness, soluble solids (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and technological index. To estimate the repeatability coefficients, the methods of analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and structural analysis were used. All evaluated characters showed variability, except for juice yield. The evaluated characters showed a cyclic pattern, which was best captured by the multivariate methodologies for estimating the repeatability coefficient. Fifteen evaluations are needed to determine, with 90% certainty, the characters peel thickness and soluble solids, and 11, 6, 3, 2, and 1 evaluations, respectively for average fruit weight, total acidity, technological index, juice yield, and SS/TA ratio, respectively.

Avaliação agronômica em híbridos diplóides (AA) de bananeira

The aim of the present work was to characterize horticultural characteristics in (AA) banana diploid hybrids. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits in randomized blocks with four replicates and 11 (AA) banana diploid hybrids were evaluated: (4279-06, TH03-01, 8987-01, 0323-03, 1318-01, 0116-01, 8694-20, 1304-06, 9179-03, 4223-06 and SH3263). Data of the agronomical characteristics evaluated were submitted to the analysis of variance and the averages of the genotypes grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. The SH3263 genotype presented favorable values to the breeding for number of hands per bunch, number of fruits per bunch, low yellow-sigatoka incidence during flowering and also lower number of days until bunch emission at harvest, greater weight of second hand and fruit length greater than 10 cm. The 0323-03 hybrid presented greater live leaf retention during bunch harvest and also the lowest score for yellow-sigatoka during the harvest. The high variability encountered enables the selection of (AA) diploids with potential use in breeding programs of this crop.

Seleção de híbridos diplóides (AA) de bananeira com base em três índices não paramétricos

The objective of the present study was to select diploids (AA) hybrids of banana based on three non-parametric indices as to guide the selection and increase the use of the variability present in the Banana Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits. Eleven hybrids were evaluated in random blocks with four replicates. The plots consisted of six plants spaced 2.5 m x 2.5 m whereas the border rows were from the Pacovan cultivar. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of suckers, number of leaves during flowering, plant cycle from planting to bunch emission, presence of pollen, number of hands, number of fruits, fruit length and yellow-Sigatoka resistance. The average of these ten characteristics was used for calculating the multiplicative indices of sum of classification and genotype-ideotype distance. The two hybrids presenting best global performance SH3263 and 1318-01 ranked respectively, first and second by the multiplicative indices and sum of classification whereas the genotype-ideotype distance index ranked them first and fourth . Although in general, all three indexes presented good coherence between general performance of the hybrids and their classification, the multiplicative and sum of classification indexes provided a more adequate classification of these hybrids.

Estimativas de repetibilidade de híbridos diploides (AA) de bananeira

The objective of this work was to estimate the coefficients of repeatability in diploid banana hybrids, and predict the number of required measurements for main quantitative traits. The evaluated hybrids were: 042079-06, TH03-01, 089087-01, 003023-03, 013018-01, 001016-01, 086094-20, 013004-06, and 091079-03. Twelve agronomic traits were measured in three cycles. For the repeatability coefficient estimate, the following analyses were performed: analysis of variance, principal components from the matrix of phenotypic variance and covariance analysis, and the correlation and structural analyses. For each trait, the minimum number of measurements to predict the actual value of the hybrids was determined. Genetic variability was observed among genotypes. Repeatability estimates were high, showing the regularity of accessions. One to five measurements are needed to predict the actual value of production characters. Methods based on principal component analysis are more efficient to estimate the coefficient of repeatability.

Pegamento da enxertia em diferentes combinações de variedades e espécies utilizadas como copa e como porta-enxertos de maracujazeiro

ABSTRACT - Brazil is the largest producer of passion fruit. But, in spite of its prominent position, life of passion fruit plant has been reduced mainly due to damage caused by root diseases. As grafting with native species is resistant to diseases, presenting an alternative of production, this research aimed to evaluate the success of grafting in the combinations of scion varieties and species of rootstocks of passion fruit plant. The study was conducted in screenhouse (50% shaded) at Acre Embrapa, Rio Branco, between September and December in 2007. The scion variety used for all treatments was the yellow passion fruit ‘FB 100’ and ‘FB 200’ from Flora Brazil (Araguari, MG) nursery and 5 other regional varieties (UFAC, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco-AC) and the rootstocks were Passiflora edulis (yellow passion fruit) (Cuiaba-MT), P. alata, P. edulis (purple passion fruit) and P. quadrangularis (Guiratinga-MT), P. serrato-digitata (IAC-Campinas/SP). The seeds were previously soaked in distilled water for about 24 h and then sown in plastic tubes (25x5cm) with Plantmax

Características agronômica de híbridos diploides de bananeira em três ciclos de produção em Cruz das Almas, Bahia

Objective this work was to evaluate agronomic traits of banana diploid hybrids, in three production cycles, seeking the selection of genotypes for use in banana breeding programs. Experiment was conducted between years 2005 and 2007, at complete randomized block in split plot design, with four replicates, in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil. Diploids hybrids 4279-06, TH03-01, 8987-01, 0323-03, 1318-01, 0116-01, 8694-20, 1304-06 and 9179-03, were evaluated regarding the characters plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of fresh leaves in flowering and harvest, pollen presence, bunch of training period, number of hands and fruits per bunch and fruit average mass. Hybrid 1304-06 showed the greatest in the three cycles studied, while the 0323-03 and 1318-01 showed intermediary port. Exception of 8987-01, 0323-03, 1304-06 and 9179-03, the other hybrids showed the number of leaves flowering more eight. At harvest, the 0323-03, 1318-01, 0116-01, 1304-06 and 9179-03, highlighted with the largest number of leaves. There is genetic variability among banana diploid hybrid studied. Hybrids 4279-06, 0323-03, 1318-01, 0116-01, 1304-06 and 9179-03, showed favourable agronomic traits and can be used as parents in banana genetic improvement programs.

Características vegetativas e seus efeitos sobre a produção de bananeira em três ciclos

A produtividade em bananeira e um carater complexo que resulta da associacao de diferentes fatores, influenciados pelo ambiente. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de caracteristicas vegetativas sobre a producao de bananeira em tres ciclos. O trabalho foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Acre, em Rio Branco, Acre, entre os anos de 2003 e 2006. Foram avaliados 13 genotipos de bananeira (Preciosa, Japira, Pacovan-Ken, Pacovan, BRS Platina, Prata-Ana, ST12-31, Nanicao, Grande Naine, Calipso, Ambrosia, Bucaneiro e FHIA-02), no espacamento de 3 m x 2 m, no esquema de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repeticoes. Determinaram-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro do pseudocaule, numero de folhas na floracao e na colheita, peso do cacho e numero de pencas no cacho. Realizou-se a analise de variância para cada ciclo e estimaram-se os coeficientes de correlacao fenotipicos e os coeficientes de trilha. Adotou-se como variavel basica o peso do cacho, e as demais, como variaveis explicativas. O estudo dos efeitos diretos e indiretos evidenciou que o carater producao e bastante influenciado pelo ambiente no primeiro ciclo, e, nos ciclos seguintes, a producao e muito influenciada pelas caracteristicas vegetativas, principalmente numero de folhas na colheita.

Correlação fenotípica entre caracteres de híbridos diploides (AA) de bananeira

The objective of the present study was to estimate the phenotypic correlations between the number of fruits per bunch and 22 characters evaluated in banana (AA) diploid hybrids. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Cassava and Fruits in randomized blocks with four repetitions and 11 (AA) banana diploid hybrids were evaluated. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of suckers, number of leaves during flowering, plant cycle until emission of the bunch, presence of pollen, bunch and rachis weight, yellow Sigatoka at bunch emission, number of leaves at harvest, yellow Sigatoka at bunch harvest, number of days from emission to harvest, length and diameter of stem, weight of second hand, number of hands and fruits per bunch, pedicellum fragility, length and diameter of fruit and length of pedicellum and presence of seeds. Correlation studies between the number of fruits and the other plant characteristics were carried out. These correlations varied between genotypes; therefore, it was observed that the associations between number of fruits and vegetative characteristics of plants were, in general, non-significant. However, the relationships between the number of fruits per bunch and the other production characteristics were predominantly significant.