Glenn Hultman

The State of the Art of School Administration: A Review of Facts and Theory.

Abstract Knowledge about the art of school administration and the state of the art will be reported in this article. Reviews reported earlier have not produced a comprehensive analysis of empirical facts, and no one has appreciated theories of school administration. Observational research on what school administrators actually do have resulted in descriptions of the content of administrative work, work characteristics and influence patterns. Theories are discussed, using metaphors: school administration as a role‐system, as organized anarchy, as information processing, as managerial arenas, as street‐level bureaucracy and as patience and prudence. Reflections on research methods and the role of the researcher are raised at the end as well as the need for an increased understanding of the anatomy of administration. Administration and the art of action in the school, which is seen as an organization of different worlds or cultures, are discussed, highlighting the theme of organizational looseness. To unders...

Paradoxes, Mini-worlds and Learning Processes : the dynamics of change in small companies.

Paradoxes, Mini-worlds and Learning Processes : the dynamics of change in small companies.

Managerial Work, Organizational Perspectives, and the Training of Managers.

Abstract Hultman, G. 1984. Managerial Work, Organizational Perspectives, and the Training of Managers. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 28, 199‐210. Managers are often looked upon as men of action with an ability to promote change, but research sometimes seems to reveal the opposite. The article addresses itself to the area of planned change and the training of managers. The phenomenon of leadership and leader competence is seen in a new light by means of a discussion about the growing knowledge from research on managerial work and perspectives of organizations. It is suggested that knowledge of the work and the behavior of managers and an awareness of different organizational perspectives can promote understanding about leadership. 1 This paper has been supported by grants from the National Swedish Board of Education, project No. 6166.

The School from the Viewpoint of Organizational Theory and its Prerequisites for Change: notes on the evaluation of planned change in Swedish schools

The School from the Viewpoint of Organizational Theory and its Prerequisites for Change : Notes on the Evaluation of Planned Change in Swedish Schools.