Gloria Mabel Carrillo

El blog como herramienta de soporte social para personas con enfermedad crónica

Objetivo: Examinar el fenomeno del soporte social con el uso del blog paratucuidadoenlinea en personas con enfermedad cronica. Metodo: Investigacion descriptiva exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo, realizada en Bogota en el 2010, a traves de un estudio de casos con 8 personas con enfermedad cronica que se vincularon al blog paratucuidadoenlinea. La intervencion tuvo una duracion de cuatro meses y consistio en brindar un servicio de 16 horas diarias disponibles en el blog para atender a los casos. La informacion se obtuvo mediante observaciones a traves de diarios de campo de cada uno de los casos y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas al finalizar la intervencion. El analisis de la informacion incluyo la organizacion de los informes de diarios de campo de cada caso, transcripcion de las participaciones de los casos a traves del chat y/o foros y las entrevistas realizadas, construccion de codigos y categorias que describen la percepcion de las personas respecto a la estrategia. Resultados: El blog fue utilizado para obtener soporte social, indistintamente del nivel socioeconomico, edad o grado de escolaridad, de los casos. Las categorias resultantes fueron: autoreconocimiento y crecimiento personal, vinculo, comunicacion, utilidad, satisfaccion y respuestas. Conclusiones. Se requiere explorar las estrategias utilizadas a traves del blog, incluir redes de soporte social en linea y generar una escala de soporte social percibido con uso de tecnologias, acorde al contexto latinoamericano.

Validation of an instrument to assess the homecare competency of the family caregiver of a person with chronic disease

OBJECTIVE This work sought to develop, validate, and determine the reliability of an instrument on Competency in Homecare of the family caregiver of an individual with chronic disease. METHODOLOGY The test validation study was carried out in the following phases: 1) literature review; 2) analysis of results of programs to help family caregivers in Latin America; 3) exploration of the classification of nursing results (NOC) related to the family caregiver and discharge; 4) proposal of an instrument of care competence; and 5) psychometric tests: apparent validity with 25 family caregivers of individuals with chronic disease and six experts in the area; construct validity and reliability through internal consistency with 311 family caregivers of chronic patients. RESULTS The instrument on homecare competency of the family caregiver of an individual with chronic disease (CUIDAR, for the term in Spanish) has 60 items that inquire on six categories: knowledge, uniqueness, instrumentation, enjoyment of life, anticipation and relationships, and social interaction. The apparent validity evidences clarity, coherence, sufficiency, and relevance of the scale. With the factor analysis six components were obtained through the Varimax rotation in which most of the items are associated according to the categories proposed. The reliability (internal consistency) reported a Cronbachs alpha of 0.96. CONCLUSION The Homecare Competency instrument permits assessing the capacity of a family caregiver to care for an individual with chronic disease, proving valid and reliable for the Colombian context.

CARGA DEL CUIDADO EN CUIDADORES FAMILIARES DE PERSONAS CON ENFERMEDAD CRÓNICA EN LA REGIÓN PACÍFICA COLOMBIANA

Objective: To characterize and define the care burden perception of family caregivers of people with chronic illness who reside in the Colombian Pacific. Methods: This is a descriptive cross section study developed in the Municipality of Tumaco, in the Colombian Pacific Region, from August to November of 2012 with a group of 55 family caregivers of people with chronic illness. Results: The family caregivers of chronic ill people are mainly women, in a productive age, 29% are younger than 18 years or older than 60 years, 67% are younger or the same age than care receptor; with a high level of illiteracy; 62% did not finished their primary school; 98% of the caregivers belong to the lowest poverty social level; 57% of the group is devoted to home activities, and 13% are

Vivir después de una gastrectomía: experiencia de pacientes con cáncer gástrico

OBJECTIVE To describe the experience of patients with gastric cancer who have undergone gastrectomy. METHOD Qualitative study with 17 adults who underwent total gastrectomy in a cancer care centre in Bogotá, Colombia. The approach was phenomenological using the analysis proposed by Colaizzi. Descriptive codes, nominal codes and categories were identified as central issues. In-depth interviews were used and theoretical saturation sampling. RESULT From 165 descriptive codes, 27 nominal codes emerged that make up 6 subjects that describe the experience of the person who has undergone total gastrectomy: 1) a new opportunity, 2) a foreign body, 3) yearning to feel useful, 4) understanding other treatments, 5) sensing discomfort and symptoms, and 6) eating what I can. CONCLUSIONS The patient who has undergone total gastrectomy faces an experience as a cancer survivor that involves understanding how to manage physical discomfort, adaptation to diet, economic difficulty and unemployment. Viewing the experience as a new opportunity, and the requirements of other treatments implies having a social, emotional and spiritual support network. It is essential to consolidate monitoring programmes for survivors that respond in a timely manner to their needs.

Percepción de comportamientos de cuidado de pacientes y de enfermería oncológica: estudio comparativo

Objetivo. Describir y comparar la percepcion del comportamiento del cuidado de los pacientes y el personal de enfermeria en servicios de hospitalizacion, hematologia y urgencias en una institucion de oncologia de referencia de Bogota. Metodologia. Estudio descriptivo comparativo realizado con 131 pacientes y 78 integrantes del personal de enfermeria en tres servicios oncologicos. La percepcion de cuidado se valoro con el Instrumento comportamiento profesional de cuidado de Horner. La comparacion se realizo con pruebas no parametricas. Resultados. Los pacientes de 54 anos en promedio, mayoria femenina, independientes, con baja escolaridad presentaron una percepcion de comportamientos de cuidado de enfermeria de 77,3% en promedio siendo mejor en hematologia (81,3%), seguida de medicina interna (77,3%) y mas baja en urgencias (73,3%). Ellos perciben en su orden atributos de cortesia, relacion, compromiso e interaccion. El personal de enfermeria con el 19% profesional, 81% auxiliar, de mayoria femenina con mas de 6 anos de experiencia, presento una percepcion de comportamientos de cuidado de 85,9% siendo similar en los tres servicios. Conclusion: Las caracteristicas de los pacientes y del personal de enfermeria en los diferentes servicios son similares. Para los pacientes la percepcion de comportamientos de cuidado de enfermeria por servicios total y en las dimensiones interaccion y compromiso es positiva y diferente (p < 0,05). Para el personal de enfermeria la percepcion de comportamientos de cuidado es similar entre servicios y superior a la de los pacientes en su totalidad y en las dimensiones cortesia e interaccion.

Carga de la enfermedad crónica para los sujetos implicados en el cuidado

Objective: to determine the meaning given to the concept of burden of chronic non-communicable disease among patients, family caregivers, health care professionals and health service institutions. Methodology: a systematic review conducted using the following databases: LILACS, Sage, Willey Online Library, Scopus, Bireme, Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Proquest and Cuiden. Results: a total of 538 papers were found, 58 of which were selected for analysis. These papers formed three categories: physical burden, psychosocial burden and additional financial effort. Conclusions: the meaning of the burden of chronic disease is built by patients and their caregivers on the basis of their experience and the effects of the illness on their private life, i.e. the impact at the personal or family levels. Health professionals and institutions acknowledge the importance of the experience of the disease for the patient and family, but they both give priority to its economic impact at an institutional and health system level.

Caracterización del talento humano en salud que atiende a personas con enfermedad crónica: construcción de una encuesta

The objective of this work, is provide conceptual elements that constitute an integrated vision of care conditions required by the human talent in health HTH) that caters to people with chronic disease (CD) and their families, and that are translated into a tool for gathering information of survey type that allow characterization. This research was conducted in three phases: 1) Review of the literature. 2) Structuring a proposed survey 3) Refinement of the final version of the survey. As results, based on the conceptual framework it was possible to reach a comprehensive vision that served as the basis for the development of a survey to identify the conditions of HTH to care for people with chronic illness and their families. This instrument, called GCPC-A-THS (in Spanish), contains 37 items distributed in 6 additional dimensions that include aspects of care such as: sociodemographic variables of HTH, caring ability, information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a means of support to care, continuity, security and also includes some items related to the level of professional satisfaction. The work done made it possible to achieve a comprehensive view of the characteristics and conditions required by the HTH for care to people with chronic illness and their families.

Habilidad de cuidado de cuidadores familiares de niños con cáncer

Objective To describe the caring ability of family caregivers of children with cancer. Method This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach. A sample of 85 family caregivers of children with cancer was taken. After a characterization, they respondd to the Caring Ability Inventory adapted for family caregivers of people with chronic non-communicable disease. Results The family caregivers werecharacterized by age, gender, socioeconomic level, education level, family relationship with the care receiver, social support, time of experience, and burden of care generated by the degree of the receivers illness. The overall caring ability was described, as well as the ability of each dimension, including knowledge, courage, and patience. Conclusions The principal family caregivers of children with cancer were mainly the mothers of the children with cancer. 70.6 % of them do not possess sufficient ability to take care of their children with cancer. 31.8 % of the group had a lower ability level. This finding, together with the demands of coping with the fact of having a child with cancer, can be a great burden to family caregivers and generate risk for the ill children under their care.

Validação de um instrumento para a avaliação da competência de cuidado no lar do cuidador familiar de uma pessoa com doença crônica

OBJECTIVE This work sought to develop, validate, and determine the reliability of an instrument on Competency in Homecare of the family caregiver of an individual with chronic disease. METHODOLOGY The test validation study was carried out in the following phases: 1) literature review; 2) analysis of results of programs to help family caregivers in Latin America; 3) exploration of the classification of nursing results (NOC) related to the family caregiver and discharge; 4) proposal of an instrument of care competence; and 5) psychometric tests: apparent validity with 25 family caregivers of individuals with chronic disease and six experts in the area; construct validity and reliability through internal consistency with 311 family caregivers of chronic patients. RESULTS The instrument on homecare competency of the family caregiver of an individual with chronic disease (CUIDAR, for the term in Spanish) has 60 items that inquire on six categories: knowledge, uniqueness, instrumentation, enjoyment of life, anticipation and relationships, and social interaction. The apparent validity evidences clarity, coherence, sufficiency, and relevance of the scale. With the factor analysis six components were obtained through the Varimax rotation in which most of the items are associated according to the categories proposed. The reliability (internal consistency) reported a Cronbachs alpha of 0.96. CONCLUSION The Homecare Competency instrument permits assessing the capacity of a family caregiver to care for an individual with chronic disease, proving valid and reliable for the Colombian context.

Validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de la competencia de cuidado en el hogar del cuidador familiar de una persona con enfermedad crónica

OBJECTIVE This work sought to develop, validate, and determine the reliability of an instrument on Competency in Homecare of the family caregiver of an individual with chronic disease. METHODOLOGY The test validation study was carried out in the following phases: 1) literature review; 2) analysis of results of programs to help family caregivers in Latin America; 3) exploration of the classification of nursing results (NOC) related to the family caregiver and discharge; 4) proposal of an instrument of care competence; and 5) psychometric tests: apparent validity with 25 family caregivers of individuals with chronic disease and six experts in the area; construct validity and reliability through internal consistency with 311 family caregivers of chronic patients. RESULTS The instrument on homecare competency of the family caregiver of an individual with chronic disease (CUIDAR, for the term in Spanish) has 60 items that inquire on six categories: knowledge, uniqueness, instrumentation, enjoyment of life, anticipation and relationships, and social interaction. The apparent validity evidences clarity, coherence, sufficiency, and relevance of the scale. With the factor analysis six components were obtained through the Varimax rotation in which most of the items are associated according to the categories proposed. The reliability (internal consistency) reported a Cronbachs alpha of 0.96. CONCLUSION The Homecare Competency instrument permits assessing the capacity of a family caregiver to care for an individual with chronic disease, proving valid and reliable for the Colombian context.