Golam Hossain

Anthropometric Measurements of the Human Distal Femur: A Study of the Adult Malay Population

The distal femurs of 100 subjects (50 men, 50 women) from the Malay population aged between 19 and 38 years were scanned to measure the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) width. The mean AP values were 64.02 ± 3.38u2009mm and 57.33 ± 3.26u2009mm for men and women, respectively, and the mean ML values were 74.91 ± 3.52u2009mm and 64.53 ± 3.07u2009mm. We compared our data to that published previously for the Chinese and Indian populations. It was found that the Malay population had smaller distal femur than that of the Chinese but was larger than that of the Indian population (P < 0.05). In conclusion, although it is well established that Asians have a smaller distal femur size than that of the Western population, the variations in different Asian ethnicities may need to be considered when designing the appropriate knee implant.

Family Structure, Economic Security and Educational Status of Rural Chakma in CHT of Bangladesh

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to prosecute a rigid survey on minor community Chakma in rural Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) area of Bangladesh. Present study consists 200 households of Chakma community. The data were collected from the rural areas of Panchari and Dighinala thanas of Khagrachari district. In the present study demonstrated that the literacy rate of rural Chakma is higher but per head monthly income is lower than that of the national level of Bangladesh. The average family size of Chakma community is consistent to the family size of national level. The dependency rate of Chakma is lower than that of national level. At least one child of 48% rural Chakma’s family drooped out from primary education. Also, logistic regression model showed that the socioeconomic conditions of Chakma families were significantly (5% level of significance) affect the droop out from education. However, it does not depend on the distance of the nearest educational institution from home.

Socio-economic and demographic factors influencing nutritional status among early childbearing young mothers in Bangladesh

BackgroundEarly childbearing influences women’s health. This study aims to examine the effects of socio-demographic factors on nutritional status of early childbearing mothers in Bangladesh based on Body Mass Index (BMI) as the indicator.MethodsData was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2011. The survey was performed on 17,842 married women aged 15–49. We focused on early childbearing mothers (ageu2009≤u200924, and who had delivered their first childu2009≤u200920). Mothers who were underweight (BMIu2009≤u200918.5xa0kg/m2) would be further classified into various grades of chronic energy deficiency (CED): mild (17.0u2009≤u2009BMIu2009<u200918.5xa0kg/m2), moderate (16.0u2009≤u2009BMI <17.0xa0kg/m2), and severe (BMIu2009<u200916.0xa0kg/m2). Multiple logistic regression model was used to examine the effect of socio-demographic factors on nutritional status.ResultsMean age of the mothers was 20.49u2009±u20092.37xa0years (ranged 15–24 years). The prevalence of underweight among early childbearing mothers was 32.1xa0% (urban 25xa0% and rural 35.1xa0%). Most of the underweight mothers had mild (62.2xa0%) CED, while the remaining had either moderate (25.9xa0%) or severe (11.9xa0%) CED. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that young mothers from rural areas, poor families, and those who were illiterate or with low level of education, working, and married to unemployed husband were at higher risk for being underweight. Young mothers who had non-caesarean delivered, delivered at home, or married at early age and had more than two children were also at higher risk for being underweight.ConclusionsThe prevalence of underweight among early childbearing mothers in Bangladesh is very high (32.1xa0%), associated with the still common practice of teenage marriage. Education level, wealth index, occupation, place of residence, age at first marriage and parity were important predictors for their nutritional status. The government and non-government organizations should take initiatives to reduce the prevalence of underweight mothers in Bangladesh.

A Biomechanical Comparison between Taylor's Spatial Frame and Ilizarov External Fixator.

Abstract Taylor’s spatial frame (TSF) and Ilizarov external fixators (IEF) are two circular external fixator commonly used to address complex deformity and fractures. There is currently no data available comparing the biomechanical properties of these two external fixators. This study looks into the mechanical characteristics of each system. TSF rings with 6 oblique struts, 4 tube connectors, 4 threaded rods, and 6 threaded rods were compared to a standard IEF rings with 4 threaded rods. Compression and torsional loading was performed to the frame as well as construct with Polyvinylchloride tubes. TSF rings with 4 tube connectors had the highest stiffness (3288 N/mm) while TSF rings with 6 struts was the least stiff. The situation was reversed for torsion where TSF rings with 6 oblique struts had the highest torsional stiffness (82.01 Nm/Degree) and frame Ilizarov rings with 4 threaded rods the least. Standard TSF construct of two ring with 6 oblique struts have better torsional stiffness and lower axial stiffness compared to the standard IEF. Key Words Taylor’s Spatial Frame, Ilizarov External Fixator, Biomechanical properties

Assessment of knowledge regarding tuberculosis among non-medical university students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of human death and TB is one of the major public health problems in Bangladesh. The aim of the present study was to assess the Knowledge about TB among non-medical university students in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was performed on 839 non-medical university students. Data were collected from University of Rajshahi from March to August 2013 using a standard semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was utilized to find the factors which are associated with students’ knowledge about TB.ResultsAmong 839 students, male and female were 68.2xa0% and 31.8xa0% respectively. Most of the students (94.4xa0%) were informed about the term TB, among them 50xa0% got information from electronic media. More than 50xa0% students believed that TB is a communicable disease, 42.8xa0% students agreed that bacteria is an agent for TB, most of the subjects (93xa0%) had the knowledge about the vaccination against TB and 97.6xa0% students believed that TB is curable. However, students had poor knowledge about latent TB (13.7xa0%) and DOTs program (28.5xa0%). χ2-test demonstrated that gender, residence, type of family and parents education were associated with students’ knowledge of TB.ConclusionIn the present study demonstrated that the level of general knowledge about TB was insufficient among non-medical university students. Consequently, health education program is needed to improve the knowledge among university students regarding TB.

Rates of pin site infection during distraction osteogenesis based on monthly observations: a pilot study.

Purpose. To assess the monthly rates of infection of individual pin sites in 7 patients during distraction osteogenesis. Methods. Five men and 2 women aged 15 to 35 (mean, 23) years underwent distraction osteogenesis for 8 tibias using the Ilizarov ring external fixator or Taylor Spatial Frame. Patients were taught to perform standard daily pin site care at home, and were evaluated monthly for pin site infection by a single observer using a standardised grading system. Results. Of 1334 observations made on 110 pin/wire sites, there were 83 (6%) pin site infections; 44 (3%) were grade 1 and 39 (3%) were grade 2. The risk of infection was higher at half pin than wire sites. The highest rates occurred in the distal segment. Conclusion. Monthly evaluation of individual pin sites enables comparison between studies

Exclusive breastfeeding practice during first six months of an infant’s life in Bangladesh: a country based cross-sectional study

BackgroundBreastfeeding offers incredible health benefits to both child and mother. It is suggested by World Health Organization that an able mother should practice and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for first six months of her infant’s life. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for first six months of an infant’s life in Bangladesh.MethodsData was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2014). BDHS-2014 collected data from 17,863 Bangladeshi married women in reproductive age from the entire country using two stages stratified cluster sampling. We included only mothers having at least one child currently aged not less than 6xa0months. Mothers who did not have child to breastfeed, some incomplete information and missing samples were excluded from the data set and consequently 3541 mothers were considered in the present study. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression models were used in this study.ResultsThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for first six months of an infant’s life in Bangladesh was 35.90%. Binary multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that relatively less educated mothers were more likely to exclusively breastfeed their children than higher educated mothers.(AORu2009=u20092.28, 95% CI: 1.05–4.93; pu2009<u20090.05). Housewife mothers were more likely to be EBF than their counterparts (AORu2009=u20091.20, 95% CI: 1.02–1.42; pu2009<u20090.05). Higher rate of EBF was especially found among mothers who were living in Sylhet division, within 35–49xa0years old, and had access to mass media, had more than 4 children, had delivered at home and non-caesarean delivery, took breastfeeding counseling, antenatal and postnatal cares.ConclusionsStepwise regression model exhibited that most of the important predictors were modifiable factors for exclusive breastfeeding. Authorities should provide basic education on EBF to educated mothers, and organize more general campaign on EBF.

Effect of Socio-economic and Demographic Factors on Nutritional Status of Indian Post-adolescent Teenagers: A Set Theoretic Approach

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of socio-economic and demographic factors on the nutritional status of teenagers and to look at the gender differentials in the variation of height, weight and BMI in different states as well as zones of India. For this study, the unit level data on 11734 boys and 21807 girls of 15-19 year of age are taken from National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3), which has been conducted during the year 2005-06. Multiple linear regression is used in this study. In this paper, the researchers have devised a novel approach to find the individual contribution of the explanatory variables towards explaining the percentage variations of the response variables. The regression results show that the effect of almost all the selected socio-economic and demographic variables are significant on the nutritional status of Indian teenagers. Height, Weight and BMI are positively related with age. These results suggest that parents’ education and family wealth index are most important predictors for teenagers’ nutritional status of both genders.

Factors Associated with HIV Testing Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Female sex workers are usually at high risk of transmission of HIV/AIDS. The aim of the study was to identify factors related to HIV testing behavior among FSWs in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 200 FSWs. The present study revealed that sixty-eight percent of FSWs in Rajshahi city have been tested for HIV. It was noted that FSWs who were between 21-30 years of age, had secondary, or higher level of education, came from a richer family, had been tested for sexually transmitted infections (STI), and traded sex at residence, were more likely to have been tested for HIV. FSWs used condoms while having sex, and regularly asked new clients on their HIV testing status, that were more likely had been tested for HIV. This information would allow health authorities to target FSWs who may not be aware of their health, and controlling HIV/AIDS in this country.

Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation and switching among Bangladeshi married women of reproductive age

Introduction Contraceptive discontinuation is a worldwide incident that may be connected with low incentive to avoid pregnancy. Contraceptive discontinuation highly contributes to unplanned pregnancy and unwanted births. Objectives The objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of discontinuation and switching of contraceptive methods among Bangladeshi married women. In addition, the sociodemographic factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation and switching were assessed. Methods Secondary cross-sectional data was used in this study. A total of 16,273 married Bangladeshi women of reproductive age (15–49 years) were considered in the present study, from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationships between key sociodemographic factors and user status. Results The prevalence of discontinuation and switching of contraceptive method among women were 38.4% and 15.4%, respectively. The logistic regression model demonstrated that women in early reproductive years (25–29 years and 30–34 years) significantly more often (odds ratio [OR] =0.84 and 0.71, respectively) discontinued use of contraceptives. Significantly higher rates of discontinuation were pronounced among women who used the pill (OR =0.72) and injectable contraception users (OR =0.60), had small family size (OR =0.49), lived in a rural community (OR =1.65), and who were less educated (OR =1.55). Conclusion Contraceptive discontinuation may reflect an association among less education, currently married, and smaller family size. Awareness of contraceptive methods can decrease the burden of unplanned pregnancies and thus progresses the family planning program.