Gui-Young Kim

An Application Status and Consideration of System Improvement on the Sea Area Utilization Conference and Impact Assessment

Abstract − This paper evaluated types and characteristics of development projects occurred in coastal area(Public Water) by analyzing an application status of Sea Area Utilization Conference System that effective pro-tect and manage marine environment and ecosystem from various artificial utilization and developmentenforced in 2008. Also, system improvement for stable settlement and security of efficiency consideringexposed problems during system enforcement were diagnosed. The number of Sea Area Utilization Conference(SAUC) performanced during the period of 2009-2010 was 3,705, which consisted of simple SAUC (87.0%),general SAUC (12.8%), and Sea Area Utilization Impact Assessment (SAUIC; 0.2%). The general SAUC wasaccomplished for Public Water reclamation (43.4%), seawater supply and drainage (17.5%), dredging sediment(5.5%), installation of port facilities (4.6%) and fishing harbor facilities (2.3%), and others (23.4%). Statementsof Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) were reviewed mainly for construction of port facilities (32.9%),followed by construction of industrial complex, development of tourism and leisure complex, road construction,and development of energy facilities. It would be necessary to strengthen effectiveness of the system, adver-tisement, and capability of conference and review agency, and to enhance confidence of marine EIA continuously,according to the increase of development projects, and diversity and enlargement of development types.Keywords: Development project(개발사업 ), Public water(공유수면 ), Sea area utilization conference system(해역이용협의제도 ), System improvement(제도개선 )

The Policy Review and Water Quality Characteristics of National Fishing Harbors and Designated Ports in East Coast of Korea

The status and changes of water quality of national fishing harbors and designated ports in East Coast of Korea were analyzed to support establishment effective water environmental management. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentration was satisfied to designated water quality criteria in most areas, but TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) exceeded the criteria frequently. Also, peak concentration was summer in COD and SS (Suspended Solid), but winter in TP. Eutrophication index of Ganggu and Pohang (old) area were the highest. Pollution index by function of COD, TN, and TP of Ganggu, Pohang, Jumunjin, and Guryongpo was high with gradual increasing recently, on the contrary, that of Samcheok, Imwon, and Chuksan was decreased. Pollution index involving multi-indictors relation to organics and inorganics was necessary for water quality assessment. Designated water quality criteria needed to be improved because the criteria of Jukbyun and Chuksan was applied more strictly compared to the other regions although without difference of environmental characteristics. Furthermore, the criteria notified lately needed to be related to management pollutants from land-based sources. The continuous diagnosis and monitoring on sediment quality within the study area were necessary for prevention of water pollution and eco-friendly disposal of dredged sediment. Especially, monitoring of Designated Ports was implemented partially, however monitoring ratio of National Fishing Har-bors was 7% to whole part. Therefore, systematic and integrated environmental monitoring for ports and harbors with charge of national management was reestablished by strengthening and securing a legal basis.

Improvements of Post-Project Environmental Management for the System of the Sea Area Utilization Consultation

Abstract − This study investigated the status and problems of the post-project environmental management fordevelopment projects and suggested improvements of the system to achieve effectiveness for the system of thesea area utilization consultation. The post-project environmental management has had several problems such asthe neglect of implementations and checks for the consultation items, the lack of actions and notifications ofresults, the absence of awareness and expertise of the post-project environmental management. In addition,although it is very important to verify results of actual change and modelling of marine environment before andafter the projects, the marine environmental monitoring and assessment have been perfunctorily carried out.Thus, for the improvements of the post-project environmental management to the system of the sea area utiliza-tion consultation, it is extremely necessary for related stakeholders to raise awareness of the post managementand implement it faithfully, and establish the post management system for conflict resolution and enforce sanc-tions and accountability against executory items. Furthermore, it should establish systematic monitoring systemof marine environmental impact survey.Keywords: Sea area utilization consultation(해역이용협의), Marine environmental impact survey(해양환경영향조사), Post-project environmental management( 사후환경관리 ), Development project(개발사업 )

Effective Costal Environmental Management by Conjugation of Modeling of Bio-Purification and Total Allowable Pollutant Loads in Masan Bay

This study carried out current status, characteristics, and problems of coastal environment management on semi-enclosed Masan Bay in Korea and suggests cost-effective and eco-friendly water quality management policy. The pollutants from terrestrial sources into the Bay have apparently environmental pollution problems, such as eutrophication, red tide, and hypoxia. The carrying capacity of the Bay is estimated by hydrodynamic model and ecosystem model, material circulation including bivalve in ecosystem is analyzed by the growth model of bivalve. The resulting reduction in the input load was found to be 50~90%, which is unrealistic. When the efficiency of water quality improvement through bivalve farming was assessed based on the autochthonous COD, 30.7% of the total COD was allochthonous COD and 69.3% was autochthonous COD. The overall autochthonous COD reduction rate by bivalve aquaculture farm was found to be about 6.7%. This study indicate that bivalve farming is about 31% less expensive than advanced treatment facilities that remove both nitrogen and phosphorous.

Scoping for Marine Environmental Impact Assessment of Tidal Power Plant Construction

This paper assessed environmental impact of tidal power plant construction in the western sea of Korea, and diagnosed problems of the related assessment. We also proposed key assessment items (scoping) and system improvement for environmental impact assessment (EIA). The establishment of a broad consensus of the appropriateness and a clear purpose for business is an important aspect of the aptness of using the waters, and the aggressive collecting of opinions of the stakeholder and institutions will have to be fulfilled. In addition, we presented the following scoping plan in order to minimize the negative effects of the marine ecosystem and the conflict between the people who work in the fishing industry which result due to the construction of the tidal power plants. (1) the change in seawater exchange rates and the aspect of erosion/sedimentation which result from the change in the velocity of running fluid, (2) the destruction of spawns/habitats of fish due to the damage of tidal flats, (3) fishery resources, impacts of fishing grounds, and the spread of suspended sediments, etc. will have to be applied to the key assessment items(scoping). In addition, every citizen will have work hard for an establishment of an active plan which achieves the harmony and balance of environmental preservation and for the policy to be applied through changing their consciousness of environmental preservation.

Characteristics and Reasonable Management Approaches of Coastal Reclamation in Korean

This paper analyzes the current status, characteristics, and problems of coastal reclamation in Korea and suggests effective management approaches. Reclamation is concentrated from the West Sea to the South Sea. In the 1980s and 1990s, most projects were intended for agricultural use, whereas in recent years reclamation for industrial and harbour sites(e.g., ship-building) have been increasing. The continuous onslaught of reclamation and development projects threatens the coastal environment, especially tidal flats and fishing areas, and fishery production has been reduced in some areas. The largest tidal flats have been used for dumping sites of dredged coastal sediments, urban development projects, and industrial complex composition. Thus, it is necessary to assess current policy using top-down approaches after establishing appropriate directions and standards for coastal management. Both short-term development profits and long-term conservation should be considered when attempting to balance development and conservation. In addition, improvements of marine environmental impact assessment and in the legal system are necessary.