Guido Galbiati

Spontaneous eruption of impacted second molars

OBJECTIVESnTo propose a treatment protocol for the management of impacted second molars.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnPatients were randomly divided into two equal groups (20 patients in each). The patients in the first group underwent a surgical removal of the mucosa covering retained teeth; the second group was the control group and patients were not treated but only observed. The total number of retained teeth considered were 66 (34 in the first group and 32 in the control group). A Chi squared test has been performed to compare the prevalence of eruption in the two groups. We compared the frequency of eruption for the treatment compared to the control group by calculating the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).nnnRESULTSnEruption occurred in 32 teeth after surgical removal of the mucosa while in the control group only 3 teeth erupted in the considered period. The difference between the two groups showed statistically significant. Among the non erupted teeth, 20 were positioned with a mesial inclination and 12 were positioned vertically.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe results show that the removal of the mucosa covering teeth allows in several cases second molars to erupt. Its a conservative method which doesnt exclude the possibility of a successive different therapy. Therefore it must be considered among the treatment options during treatment planning.

Evaluation of patients’ compliance in different age groups: Preventive methodology

BACKGROUNDnThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SSRD Department of University of Milan PREVENTION PROGRAM between subjects of different sex and ages.nnnMETHODSnPrevention Program is divided into six stages, in which specific and standardized procedures are effected on patient; then checkups are planned after three months. Ninety patients (48 females, 42 males) were included. Subjects were divided into three ages groups: 6-9, 10-12 and over 12 years old. Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, and quantitative and qualitative variations of bacterial plaque were considered.nnnRESULTSnRemarkable results were obtained regarding both the effective reduction of bacterial oral flora and patients compliance and learning, especially in the group of patients older than 10 years. The new values of parameters recorded at the end of the study showed that all the subjects included in the sample had an improvement of compliance in oral hygiene, in particular: 1) P.I. level 3, 10-12 age, female; 2) B.I. level 4, males over 10, female 6-9 age; 3) quantitative and qualitative variations of bacterial plaque, level 4, all groups.nnnCONCLUSIONSnPatient instruction and motivation allow to obtain optimal results in particular in patients aged more than 10 years.

Functional evaluation in orthodontic surgical treatment: long-term stability and predictability.

BackgroundThe introduction of electromyographic and kinesiographic technology in orthodontics allows to obtain objective data regarding the functional aspects of the mandibular movements and the masticatory muscular activity. It is then important to be able to correlate the data obtained by instrumental activity with the clinical ones. The aim of this study consists to analyse the post ortodontic surgical stability through instrumental evaluation of the masticatory muscles and mandibular movements.Method30 patients undergo electromyographic and kinesiographic evaluations through all the surgical orthodontic iter and were than followed during other 4 years. JMP software was used to analyze and correlate the electromyographic and knesioographic data during treatment and during the follow up.ResultsA linear correlations between some functional objective values collected from the examinations at the beginning and during therapy and the follow up one has been demonstrated.ConclusionIt is important to submit patients in surgical ortodontic treatment to instrumental analysis which can evidence how masticatory function and mandibular movements are performed. It is also important to highlight some functional values also from the beginning of the treatment because an alteration of such values can be related to a better or worse postsurgical rehabilitation.

Il ruolo dei probiotici nella prevenzione delle pigmentazioni del cavo orale

Riassunto Obiettivi Lo scopo di questo studio consiste nel verificare l’efficacia di un prodotto probiotico nella selezione della flora orale e di verificare se sia possibile eliminare, attraverso manovre di igiene orale professionale in associazione a presidi chimici (clorexidina), i batteri cromogeni. Materiali e Metodi Lo studio eseguito e di tipo controllato randomizzato. Sono stati esaminati 10 pazienti, 5 maschi e 5 femmine, di eta compresa tra 25 e 35 anni, che presentavano pigmentazioni estrinseche a linea nera attribuibili a batteri cromogeni. Risultati e Conclusioni Vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti mediante la suddivisione del campione in due gruppi. I probiotici hanno un effetto benefico se associato a un corretto protocollo di igiene orale domiciliare e professionale. Si ipotizza pero che l’effetto del probiotico persista fino a quando esso viene somministrato e vada scemando nel momento in cui se ne sospende la somministrazione.

Sindrome di Binder: caso clinico

Riassunto Obiettivi La sindrome di Binder e un raro disordine di eziologa sconosciuta, caratterizzato da ipoplasia del naso e del mascellare superiore e dall’alterazione della morfologia dei tessuti molli associati. Gli autori riportano il caso di una paziente di 10 anni affetta da sindrome di Binder, con naso corto e ipoplasia della spina nasale anteriore. Materiali e Metodi La paziente e stata trattata prima con TSME (Transverse Sagittal Maxillary Expander) per correggere l’ipoplasia del mascellare e successivamente con terapia fissa per ottenere i risultati estetici. Alla fine del trattamento ortodontico e stata effettuata la chirurgia maxillofacciale per correggere l’ipoplasia nasale. Conclusioni Un approccio multidisciplinare, che comprenda anche la terapia ortodontica, e necessario per risolvere le alterazioni presenti nella sindrome di Binder.

Riassorbimento radicolare: Revisione della letteratura

Riassunto Obiettivi Scopo del lavoro e eseguire una revisione della letteratura sul fenomeno della rizolisi e sulla sua associazione con l’ortodonzia, oltre che sulle possibili metodiche diagnostiche. Materiali e metodi E stata condotta una ricerca tramite la banca dati Medline. Il database ha fornito 4.090 voci di cui 357 review; di queste ultime ne sono state selezionate 159 per attinenza con l’argomento trattato. Risultati e conclusioni Dallo studio si rileva l’assenza di una terapia risolutiva; considerando la prevalenza del fenomeno e importante la diagnosi precoce mediante l’attento controllo dei casi maggiormente a rischio, ovvero gli elementi traumatizzati e i pazienti in terapia ortodontica.