Guilhou Jj

Differential expression of a human endogenous retrovirus E transmembrane envelope glycoprotein in normal, psoriatic and atopic dermatitis human skin.

Background  Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of keratinocytes and recruitment of T lymphocytes into the skin. The possible role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in the induction of psoriasis has been suggested, based upon the previous observations of retrovirus‐like particles in psoriasis from skin lesional plaques, urine and stimulated lymphocytes.

Nickel-elicited systemic contact dermatitis from a peripheral intravenous catheter.

Nickel‐elicited systemic contact dermatitis is a well‐known entity, although it is far less common than allergic contact dermatitis. In most of the cases, the main way of nickel administration is oral. Clinical manifestations are miscellaneous including pompholyx, diffuse exanthema, flexural dermatitis or baboon syndrome. Systemic nickel dermatitis induced by venous catheters is very uncommon, but it is probably underdiagnosed. We report here 2 patients with diffuse recurrent maculopapular rash corresponding to nickel‐elicited systemic contact dermatitis. They were both perfused during the last episode with the assistance of a peripheral polyurethane venous catheter during or just before the cutaneous eruption. At the base of the catheter, there was a small metallic eyelet on which dimethylglyoxime test was positive, indicating a release of nickel. Then, we measured nickel release in normal use conditions and found high nickel levels, although the manufacturer denied that nickel could be released. This diagnosis is important to know because such exanthema often occurred during postoperative or postpartum period. Its frequency is probably underestimated because it is often considered as a cutaneous drug reaction. To our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported in the literature.

Reverse transcriptase activity in human normal and psoriatic skin samples

Background  About half of the human genome is composed of ancient transposable elements that became integrated in the genome throughout the course of evolution by DNA transposition or by retrotransposition. Most of these elements have degenerated. However, a few of them have conserved their coding capacities and could still have a role in physiological and pathological processes.

Malformations capillaires associées à un angiome caverneux cérébral

Resume Introduction Les malformations capillaires a type de telangiectasies hereditaires benignes constituent une affection familiale, de transmission autosomique dominante, caracterisee par la survenue progressive de telangiectasies cutanees au cours de la petite enfance. L’association a des malformations vasculaires cutanees, arterioveineuses ou lymphatiques, est exceptionnelle et de description recente. Nous rapportons la premiere observation de malformations capillaires a type de telangiectasies hereditaires benignes associees a une malformation vasculaire cerebrale. Observation Une enfant de 5 ans etait vue en consultation pour des macules erythemateuses disseminees, telangiectasiques pour la plupart, congenitales et acquises apres l’âge de 1 an. Ses antecedents etaient marques par une hemorragie cerebrale temporale droite survenue a l’âge de 4 ans, revelant une malformation vasculaire a type de cavernome temporal droit. Les antecedents de macules telangiectasiques familiales et l’examen clinique et histologique permettait de porter le diagnostic de telangiectasies hereditaires benignes. Commentaires Cette observation remet en cause le caractere exclusivement cutane des malformations capillaires de type telangiectasies hereditaires benignes. Elle illustre par ailleurs la possibilite d’une forme clinique particuliere de cette affection associant des telangiectasies typiques et des macules a type d’angiomes plans. La recente localisation du locus implique dans cette affection en 5q14, dans le meme intervalle chromosomique que le locus CMC1 incrimine dans les malformations capillaires familiales, laisse supposer que ces deux affections constituent en fait des variations phenotypiques d’une seule et meme entite clinique.

Dyskératose comédonienne familiale

Resume Introduction La dyskeratose comedonienne familiale est une affection rare, de transmission autosomique dominante, caracterisee par des papules pseudo-comedoniennes des membres. Nous rapportons une nouvelle observation familiale caracteristique par son profil clinique et histologique. Observation Un enfant de 6 ans presentait une eruption papuleuse, pseudo comedonienne, apparue peu apres la naissance, d’extension progressive et disposee symetriquement sur les membres inferieurs. Son pere se plaignait d’une eruption similaire depuis l’enfance. L’histologie des papules revelait une invagination pseudo-folliculaire, obstruee par de la keratine, associee a des aires de dyskeratose focale. Un traitement par retinoides locaux etait inefficace. Discussion La dyskeratose comedonienne est une affection probablement sous-estimee car le plus souvent asymptomatique. Une revue de la litterature sur les precedentes observations est presentee. Les dermatoses susceptibles de constituer des diagnostics differentiels par la presence de lesions d’allure comedonienne et/ou une dyskeratose histologique sont discutees.