Gulden Isik

The Association between Periodontal Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case Control Study

Abstract Introduction: Although there are studies evaluating the effects of periodontal health on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effects of COPD – a systemic disease, on periodontal tissue is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of COPD on periodontal tissues by comparing COPD patients and controls. Methods: Fifty-two COPD patients and 38 non-COPD controls were included in this case-control study. Number of teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and probing depth were included in the periodontal examination. In addition to clinical evaluations, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-lb) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and serum hs-CRP levels were measured in COPD patients and the controls. Results: The number of teeth was significantly lower while PI and GI were significantly higher in COPD patients when compared to the controls. As well as serum hs-CRP levels, the GCF levels of hs-CRP, IL-1b and PGE2 were significantly higher in COPD patients than the controls. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that COPD may be associated with periodontal disease as manifested by lower number of teeth and higher levels of inflammatory mediators especially CRP in GCF. This finding may be a reflection of systemic effects of COPD on periodontal tissues. Poor oral health behavior of COPD patients have to be considered in larger size group studies in the future.

Increased proliferation and decreased membrane permeability as defense mechanisms of Fusobacterium nucleatum against human neutrophilic peptide-1

Human neutrophilic peptides (HNPs) constitute a class of host defense molecules, which contribute to the non-oxidative killing of bacteria and other microorganisms. Since the adaptability is crucial to bacterial survival in changing environments, it is of interest to know how Fusobacterium nucleatum, the major bridge organism connecting early and late colonizers in dental biofilms, defends itself against HNPs. This study aimed to examine the planktonic growth, membrane permeability, and biofilm formation characteristics as defense mechanisms of F. nucleatum against HNP-1. In all experiments, the type strain of F. nucleatum (ssp. nucleatum ATCC 25586) and two clinical strains (ssp. nucleatum AHN 9508 and ssp. polymorphum AHN 9910) were used. Planktonic growth (measured in colony forming units), capsular polysaccharide production (visualized by Ziehl-Neelsen stain), membrane permeability (demonstrated as N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake), biofilm formation, and established biofilm development (measured as total mass and polysaccharide levels) were analyzed in the presence of 0 μg/ml (control), 1 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml of HNP-1. Planktonic growth of the strains AHN 9508 and ATCC 25586 were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the presence of HNP-1, while their membrane permeability decreased (p<0.005) in the planktonic form. HNP-1 decreased the biofilm formation of the strains ATCC 25586 and AHN 9910, whereas it increased the growth of the strain AHN 9508 in established biofilms. Capsule formation and polysaccharide production were not observed in any strain. We conclude that the inhibition of the membrane permeability and the increase in planktonic and established biofilm growth could act as bacterial defense mechanisms against neutrophilic defensins. In addition, this strain-dependent survival ability against HNP-1 may explain the variation in the virulence of different F. nucleatum strains.

PERIODONTAL TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN RECEIVING HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy(HRT) on periodontal treatment outcomes in a group of postmenopausal women with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 23 post-menopausal chronic periodontitis patients were included in this study. The test group(n=11) consisted of women who started HRT with this study and received conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesteron. The control group(n=12) was women not taking any HRT or supplement therapy. Study groups received the same periodontal treatment. All subjects examiend by recording the following: plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal pocket depth (PD) and relative attachment level (RAL) from 6 sites in each tooth. Measurements were recorded at the baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months following periodontal treatment. Serum estrogene level and bone mineral density was recorded at baseline and 6 months following periodontal treatment. Results: The GI change was greater in the control group. There wasn’t significant difference by means of PD, the attachment gain was significantly greater in the HRT receiving group. Conclusion: HRT seems to have a positive effect on periodontal treatment outcomes.

The Effect Of İnitial Periodontal Therapy On Saliva And Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity Of Non-Smoking Periodontitis Patients

Aim: Periodontal diseases are associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity. The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to evaluate the effect of initial periodontal therapy on saliva and plasma total antioxidant levels of severe chronic periodontitis patients and the controls. Material and Methods: A total of 34 (17 chronic periodontitis patients, 17 controls) non-smoking, systemically healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. At baseline, blood and saliva samples were collected; periodontal clinical measurements such as gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were done. 2 and 6 months after periodontal treatment clinical measurements and sample collection were repeated in periodontitis group. 2 and 6 months after the periodontal treatment. Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were measured by the trolox equivalent antioxidant assay. Results: Clinical periodontal parameters were higher in the periodontitis group and significantly improved after periodontal therapy. At baseline TAOC plasma levels were higher in the controls but the difference was not significant (p=0.07). TAOC plasma levels significantly increased after initial periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients (p<0.01). Saliva TAOC levels were similar between the groups and did not show any significant change after initial periodontal therapy. Conclusion: According to our study results initial periodontal therapy have positively effected TAOC plasma levels of severe periodontitis patients.

PERIODONTAL TEDAVİDE KULLANILAN KEMOTERAPÖTİKLER I CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY

Anahtar Kelimeler: Atitiplak ajanlar. Gunumuzde klasik periodontal tedavileri desteklemek amaci ile pekcok antiplak alan kullanilmaktadir. Klor-heksidin, sanguinarin, listcrin bunlar arasinda en sik kullanilmis olan kemoterapotiklcr arasindadir. Key Words: Antiplaque agents. The antiplaque agents are used to supply the conventional therapy in periodontology. Chlorhexidine, sanquinari-ne, listerine are named as the most usejull chematherapeutics in the last years.