Gulnar Azevedo

Prevalência e fatores associados a sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil,1996 a 1997

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity (OW/O) among Brazilian adolescents, based on the Living Standards Survey conducted in 1996 and 1997 (IBGE, 1998a). The sample included 1,027 and 854 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years from the Northeast and Southeast regions, respectively. Body Mass Index (w/h2) was calculated. Statistical analysis considered expansion factors and sample design. Prevalence of OW/O was 8.45% in the Northeast and 11.53% in the Southeast. In the Northeast there was a higher risk of OW/O for girls (PR = 3.00), with the same situation in both urban (PR = 3.21) and rural areas (PR = 2.27). In the Southeast, the risk of OW/O was lower among girls (PR = 0.58). The same situation occurred in girls from urban areas (PR = 0.51), but in rural areas there was an increased risk among girls (PR = 1.86). Per capita monthly income was associated with the risk of OW/O among boys in both regions. Programs to prevent OW/O should incorporate nutritional reeducation and encourage physical exercise, besides considering socioeconomic, cultural, and regional differences and the location of the target population.

Análise de correspondência para avaliação do perfil de mulheres na pós-menopausa e o uso da terapia de reposição hormonal

This study illustrates the use of correspondence analysis to identify distinct profiles characterizing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and non-users, allowing the visualization of concurrent characteristics associated with this self-selection process. We analyzed cross-sectional information provided by 195 women reporting natural menopause, among 2,240 participants in the Pro-Saude Study (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Non-users had an unfavorable profile, including greater weight gain during adult life, older age, later menopause, and less schooling. This analytic tool should be used more extensively in public health research, in exploratory analyses of the relations among a large number of variables in key populations.

Tendência das taxas de mortalidade de câncer de pulmão corrigidas no Brasil e regiões

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the trend in cancer mortality rates in Brazil and regions before and after correction for underreporting of deaths and redistribution of ill-defined and nonspecific causes. METHODS The study used data of deaths from lung cancer among the population aged from 30 to 69 years, notified to the Mortality Information System between 1996 and 2011, corrected for underreporting of deaths, non-registered sex and age , and causes with ill-defined or garbage codes according to sex, age, and region. Standardized rates were calculated by age for raw and corrected data. An analysis of time trend in lung cancer mortality was carried out using the regression model with autoregressive errors. RESULTS Lung cancer in Brazil presented higher rates among men compared to women, and the South region showed the highest death risk in 1996 and 2011. Mortality showed a trend of reduction for males and increase for women. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer in Brazil presented different distribution patterns according to sex, with higher rates among men and a reduction in the mortality trend for men and increase for women.

Principais desafios para os inquéritos populacionais na organização de um Sistema Integrado de Informação em Saúde

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