Silva Mendonça

Prevalência e fatores associados a sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil,1996 a 1997

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity (OW/O) among Brazilian adolescents, based on the Living Standards Survey conducted in 1996 and 1997 (IBGE, 1998a). The sample included 1,027 and 854 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years from the Northeast and Southeast regions, respectively. Body Mass Index (w/h2) was calculated. Statistical analysis considered expansion factors and sample design. Prevalence of OW/O was 8.45% in the Northeast and 11.53% in the Southeast. In the Northeast there was a higher risk of OW/O for girls (PR = 3.00), with the same situation in both urban (PR = 3.21) and rural areas (PR = 2.27). In the Southeast, the risk of OW/O was lower among girls (PR = 0.58). The same situation occurred in girls from urban areas (PR = 0.51), but in rural areas there was an increased risk among girls (PR = 1.86). Per capita monthly income was associated with the risk of OW/O among boys in both regions. Programs to prevent OW/O should incorporate nutritional reeducation and encourage physical exercise, besides considering socioeconomic, cultural, and regional differences and the location of the target population.

Measuring exposure to organochlorinated pesticides

Environmental epidemiological investigations in cancer remain, with rare exceptions, inconclusive. The difficulties of establishing patterns of measurements of exposure in the human body is one of the limitations of these studies. The findings of six recent epidemiological studies that analyzed the association between organochlorinated compounds and breast cancer are reviewed in considering the problems of measuring environmental exposure through biological markers. The epidemiological evidence based on these studies do not indicate a risk of breast cancer related to organochlorines. Some aspects that may partially explain this absence of risk are discussed regarding the investigation of environmental carcinogenic agents in populations with low but homogeneously sprayed levels of exposure.

Principais desafios para os inquéritos populacionais na organização de um Sistema Integrado de Informação em Saúde

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