Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu

Chemoprotective effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in the rat ovarium

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium by measuring the glutathione (GSH) levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) expression in the ovarian tissues of rats treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) therapy. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: (I) control, (II) only CP, (III) CP + ascorbic acid, (IV) CP + α-tocopherol, and (V) CP + selenium. Immunohistochemical stainings and GSH protocol were then applied. RESULTS Following CP administration, the rats exhibited significantly lower GDF-9 expression in oocytes and PCNA expression in granulosa cells of follicles in all stages of development (P < 0.05). In CP + antioxidant groups (Groups III, IV, V), GDF-9 immunoreaction in oocytes and PCNA immunoreaction in granulosa cells of the developing follicles were found to show an increase towards the levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CP was found to cause remarkable degenerative effects in normal ovarian tissue, and we believe that this damage can be reduced and ovarian tissue can be spared from the toxic effects of CP by using antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium.

Ciliary body toxicities of systemic oxcarbazepine and valproic acid treatments: electron microscopic study.

Abstract Ciliary body is responsible for humour aqueous production in posterior chamber. Valproic acid (VPA) has been widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric diseases such as bipolar disease and major depression. Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a new anti-epileptic agent that has been used recently for childhood epilepsies such as VPA. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of VPA and OXC treatments used as antiepileptic in ciliary body by electron microscopy. In our study, 40 Wistar rats (21 days old) were divided equally into four groups which were applied saline (group 1), VPA (group 2), OXC (group 3) and VPA + OXC (group 4). The as-prepared ocular tissues were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique in scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM-TEM) (Carl Zeiss EVO LS10). The results confirmed that VPA caused dense ciliary body degeneration. Additionally, ciliary body degeneration in group 4 was supposed to be due to VPA treatment. Ciliary body damage and secondary outcomes should be considered in patients with long-term VPA therapy.

Does Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) photocoagulation really induce less VEGF expression in murine retina than conventional laser treatment

To investigate the differences in the mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in murine retina between mice subjected to conventional laser (AG) and those subjected to Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) system. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 (G1) receiving retinal scatter laser photocoagulation using with AG photocoagulator (n=16), Group 2 (G2) receiving retinal scatter laser photocoagulation using with PASCAL (n=16) and Group 3 (G3) served as an untreated control group (n=6). Molecular and morphological analyses of VEGF were performed on days 1, 2 and 5 by ELISA, real-time PCR and immuno-histochemical analysis. In samples which underwent AG (G1), when compared with the control group (G3), VEGF mRNA level increased 2.4 folds on day 2, whereas it decreased on day 5 (p□0.001). In samples which underwent PASCAL (G2), on the other hand, VEGF mRNA level increased 1.8 folds on day 1 and 2.2 folds on day 5 when compared with the control group (G3). In samples which underwent AG (G1), when compared with the control group (G3), VEGF protein level increased significantly on day 2, whereas it decreased on day 5 (p□0.001). In group G2, the VEGF levels in the sensory retina significantly increased as compared to control groups at both 2 and 5 days after laser photocoagulation using PASCAL laser (p=0.012, both time points). The peak expressions of VEGF protein in samples which underwent PASCAL and conventional laser were found on day 5 and day 2 respectively. In retinas of PASCAL-treated mice, VEGF immunoreactivity gradually increased during the 5-day follow-up. However, in argon laser group, the strongest VEGF immunoreactivity was detected on day 2, then started to decrease on day 5. In summary, the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA gradually increase during a 5-day follow-up period in PASCAL-treated mouse eyes, whereas in AG group they reach their peak levels on the second day of follow-up and started decreasing after then. These results may also explain why the PASCAL system is less effective in regressing neovascularization in the clinic.

Sutureless approach with vein grafts and mesenchymal stem cells in primary nerve repair: Functional and immunohistological results

The aim of this study was to define a sutureless peripheral nerve repair technique with a vein graft and bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSC) and compare it to epineural repair.

Cep Telefonu Radyasyonunda Melatonin’in Testis Dokusunda Olası Koruyucu Etkisi

Amac: Calismamizda cep telefonu radyasyonuna kronik etkin kalmanin testis dokusu uzerinde meydana getirecegi degisimler ve melatonin kullaniminin olasi koruyucu etkisinin isik mikroskobik duzeyde incelenmesi amaclandi. Yontemler: 24 adet Wistar albino cinsi erkek sican 4 gruba ayrilarak 90 gunluk deney suresince; kontrol grubuna hicbir uygulama yapilmazken, 2. gruba her gun 30 dk 2100 MHz radyasyon uygulamasi, 3. gruba her gun derialti melatonin uygulamasi, 4. gruba ise radyasyon uygulamasindan 40 dk once derialti melatonin ve sonrasinda 30 dk radyasyon uygulamasi yapildi. Deney bitiminde yuksek doz anestezi altinda feda edilen deneklerden testis dokulari alindi, agirliklari olculerek isik mikroskobik izleme yontemlerinden gecirildi. Orneklere yapisal degisimleri incelemek amaciyla Hematoksilen Eozin, bazal membran kalinliginin degerlendirilmesi amaciyla da PAS boyamalari yapildi; germinal epitel kalinligi ve seminifer tubul capi ile bazal membran kalinligi olculerek istatistiksel analizler yapildi. Bulgular: Radyasyon uygulamasi ile birlikte seminifer tubullerde duzenli yapinin bozuldugu ve seminifer epitel hucreleri arasinda odem olustugu izlendi. Radyasyon ve melatonin uygulanan grupta seminifer tubul yapisinin radyasyon grubuna karsi oldukca korundugu dikkati cekti. Tum gruplarda testis agirliginda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir farklilik saptanmazken, radyasyon uygulanan grupta bazal membranin daha kalin oldugu, germinal epitel kalinliginin azaldigi, seminifer tubul capinin ise arttigi istatistiksel olarak belirlendi. Sonuc: Sonuc olarak yuksek doz cep telefonu radyasyonunun testis histolojik yapisina, ozellikle spermatogenezis ve spermiyogenezis duzeyinde etkili oldugu belirlenirken, melatoninin koruyucu ozellik gosterdigi kanisina varildi.

Surface Alteration in Aging of Rat Tubae Uterinae Epithelium

OBJECTIVE Aim of the study was evaluating arrangement of apical surface differentiation in cross-sections of tuba uterinae in different age groups by scanning electron microscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six groups were created with 36 Wistar rat; 1(st) group: neonate (1(th) day) (n=6), 2(nd) group: young (22(nd) day) (n=6), 3(rd) group: prepubertal (4-6 week) (n=6), 4(th) group: adult (10 week) (n=6), 5(th) group: premenopausal (8 month) (n=6), 6(th) group: old (18-20 month) (n=6). Tissue samples examined with scanning electron microscope. RESULTS When surface differentiations of epithelial cells in tubae uterinae from birth to menopause were considered, it was determined that the cell with microvilli are first maturing cells and degenerated by ages first. It was observed that the ciliated cells are last maturing cells and subsisting as a mature cell during the postmenopausal period. CONCLUSION Towards the menopause degeneration in microvillous cells together with lack of secretion may affect sperm nutrition adversely. The increase of ciliated cells in aging may be a physiological result related to the active role of cilia movement in the sperm and early embryo transport against a probable decrease in muscle contraction in aging.

Investigation of Age-Related Changes on Eye by Using Histochemical and Ultrastructural Methods

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate structural changes in the cornea and retina of rats during the critical periods of development in parallel with aging from birth onwards through the histochemical methods and to make comparative examination at the ultrastructural level. Methods: In our study the changes in the cornea and retina in parallel with aging were examined through PASAlsian blue staining method by taking the eyes of rats on the 1 st and 22 nd day, and in the 10th week and 22 nd month. Measurements made were evaluated statistically. Also the ultrastructure of the cornea was illustrated at electron microscopy level. Results: In the histochemical stainings, an increase was determined in the descement membrane, stroma, epithelial thickness and general cornea thickness in parallel with aging. An opening in the cornea stroma and fluctuant extention in the collagen fibres in parallel with aging were distinguished. In the examinations made in the retina,

Ultrastructural Investigation of Parietal Cells in Fasting-After Fasting and the Effects of Histamin and Gastrin

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the ultrastructural effect of fasting and applications of histamine and gastrin after fasting in gastric parietal cell. Methods: In this study, nine groups were composed of Swiss albino male rats. Group 1: Control, group 2: fasting for 12 hours, group 3: 12 hours fasting +1hour histamine, group 4: 12 hours fasting + 3min. gastrin, group 5: 12 hours fasting + 3min. DMSO (solvent of gastrin), group 6: 12 hours fasting + 7min. gastrin, group 7: 12 hours fasting + 7min. DMSO, group 8: 12 hours fasting + 15min. gastrin, group 9: 12 hours fasting + 15min. DMSO. At the end of the study time, the tissue samples were passed through routine electron microscopic preparation methods and tissues were embedded in araldite CY212 kit. Thin sections were evaluated on Carl Zeiss EM 900 electron microscope. Results: It was determined in the executed research, by using the electron microscope, that tubulovesicular structures were increased in the fasting group independently of the control group, vacuolar structures were also observed in patches and histamine application did not reveal any difference except for mitochondrial differences in small amounts. However, it was determined that gastrin application increased the cellular degeneration parallel to increasing duration. This transformation was especially observed in nuclear structures, mitochondria and intracytoplasmic canaliculi in the cells.