Gurkan Rasit Bayar

Psychopathological profile of patients with different forms of bruxism.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of psychopathological symptoms in patients who self-reported different forms of bruxism by means of clinical and anamnestic diagnostic criteria. Eighty-five participants were divided into four groups as sleep bruxers (12), awake bruxers (24), sleep–awake bruxers (33), and non-bruxers (16). A self-report symptom inventory questionnaire (Symptom Checklist-90—Revised (SCL-90-R)) was filled out by all groups to determine their psychopathological symptoms. As regards mean psychopathological scores, patients with sleep–awake bruxism endorsed the highest scores. In addition, patients with awake bruxism showed higher scores than patients with sleep bruxism and non-bruxism in most SCL-90-R subscales. Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences between groups in any of the SCL-90-R subscales, except for the psychoticism subscale. Mann–Whitney test followed by Bonferroni’s test correction between non-bruxer and sleep–awake bruxer groups revealed significant differences in depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, global severity index, positive symptom distress index, and positive symptom total in all SCL-90-R subscales. Statistical analysis of our study showed that differences between groups were significant in all SCL-90-R subscales except for the psychoticism subscale. Better distinction of bruxism forms may help to develop new treatment strategies for bruxism disorder.

An Analysis of Maxillofacial Fractures: A 5-Year Survey of 157 Patients

The purpose of this study was to review retrospectively the outcomes for 157 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures between 1994 and 1999 at one military hospital in Turkey. Significant data were collected according to age, gender, time of injury, type of facial injuries, cause of injury, treatment methods, and postinjury and postoperative complications. Fractures resulting from gunshot wounds were excluded in this study. Fractures were examined in two groups according to the type of fracture, i.e., isolated or combined. Methods of fixation with closed or open reduction were used to treat the fractures. Fixation was performed with miniplates, compression plates, microplates, reconstruction plates, and wires for open reduction, and stabilization was performed with arch bars for closed reduction. Complications were recorded in two groups, i.e., postinjury and postoperative complications. There were 151 male patients (96.18%) and 6 female patients (3.82%). The patients ranged in age from 15 to 62 years (mean, 22.8 years). In our study, it was determined that the most significant causes of maxillofacial fractures were traffic accidents (69 cases, 43.95%) and fighting (42 cases, 26.75%). Most fractures were in the mandible (161 fractures). It was observed that most of the mandibular fractures were in the body (49 fractures, 30.43%) and condylar (42 fractures, 26.09%) regions. Of the 223 maxillofacial fractures, 63.68% (142 fractures) were treated with closed reduction and 36.32% (81 fractures) were treated with open reduction. Postinjury complications included infections (local infection or osteomyelitis), nerve injuries (alveolaris inferior, facial, lingual, and infraorbital nerves), and a salivary gland fistula, and postoperative complications included infection, facial asymmetry, and malocclusion.

Histomorphometric analysis of different latency periods effect on new bone obtained by periosteal distraction: an experimental study in the rabbit model

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of latency period on the bone formation after periosteal distraction. For this purpose, a rabbit model was developed and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. STUDY DESIGN Periosteal distractors were custom designed and built from stainless steel. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 18 each according to the duration of latency period. In group 1, the latency period was 7 days, and in group 2 it was 1 day. Distraction was performed by activating the distractor 0.25 mm twice per day. A periosteal distraction of 7.0 mm was achieved after a distraction period of 10 days. Both groups were divided to 3 subgroups according to the rabbits being killed on the 15th, 30th, or 60th day of the consolidation period. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the bone formation. RESULTS In the histologic evaluation, new bone formation was observed on the lateral side of the mandible of all the rabbits. Histomorphometric measurements revealed that the mean area of newly formed bone formation was 2.62 cm(2) in group 1 and 3.26 cm(2) in group 2. CONCLUSIONS Periosteal distraction osteogenesis is a viable method in acquired and congenital alveolar ridge defects, resulting in new bone formation. Newly formed bone can be obtained by periosteal distraction osteogenesis applying different latency periods.

Histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of systemic and topical ozone on alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic and topical ozone applications on alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction. One hundred and twelve male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 14 rats each; seven groups were experimental (A-G) and one formed the control group (K). The experimental groups were further divided into two sub-groups, with seven rats in each - sacrificed on days 14 and 28 (subgroups 1 and 2). The maxillary right central incisors were extracted under general anaesthesia following the administration of local anaesthesia. After sacrifice, semi-serial histological sections were prepared, and mineralized and trabecular bone and osteoid and osteoblast surfaces were measured. Measurements of the trabecular bone showed statistically higher values in the groups treated with systemic ozone (D(2): 50.01 ± 2.12; E(2): 49.03 ± 3.03; F(2): 48.76 ± 2.61; G(2): 50.24 ± 3.37) than in the groups that underwent topical ozone administration (A(2): 46.01 ± 3.07; B(2): 46.79 ± 3.09; C(2): 47.07 ± 2.12; P = 0.030 (G(2)-A(2), G(2)-B(2), G(2)-C(2))). Within the limitations of the current study, it may be concluded that postoperative long-term systemic ozone application can accelerate alveolar bone healing following extraction. However, additional studies are required to clarify the effects of the different ozone applications on new bone formation.

Histological evaluation of the changes in temporomandibular joint capsule and retrodiscal ligaments following autologous blood injection

INTRODUCTION In recent years injection of autologous blood into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been reintroduced as a treatment of chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation. The effects of this treatment on components of the TMJ is not fully understood. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of autologous blood on TMJ capsule and the retrodiscal ligament. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 16 healthy adult country bred pig were used in this study. Autologous blood were injected into the upper joint space (4 ml) and around the capsule of TMJ unilaterally (1 ml). This procedure was then repeated on the opposite side only by using 5 ml of 0.9% saline. TMJ capsules and retrodiscal ligaments were examined four weeks following the injections. RESULTS Histological examination of TMJs injected with autologous blood revealed fibrotic changes in 81.25% of the retrodiscal ligaments and 56.25% of the capsular areas. Whilst no changes were seen in the retrodiscal ligaments nor in the capsules of TMJs injected with saline alone. CONCLUSION There is little published clinical data on the use of autologous blood injection and as such the mechanism of action is still unclear. The rate of induction of fibrosis within the retrodiscal ligaments in this study were similar to previously reported studies and case series. However, further studies to evaluate the mechanism of this safe and simple technique are needed.

Synchronous ossifying fibromas of the jaws: a review

According to the World Health Organization, it is proposed that benign fibro-osseous lesions be divided into 3 categories, including fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma (OF), and osseous dysplasia. OF arises from the periodontal ligament, which contains multipotential cells. These benign tumors may become large and aggressive. Slow growth and lack of symptoms are the cardinal features. OF tends to occur in the second and third decades of life, with predilection for women and for the mandibular premolar-molar area. The method of treatment used for large or rapidly expanding lesions is surgical removal (enucleation). Rarely, OFs occur multifocally. We report a 20-year-old man with synchronous OFs of his maxilla and mandible and review other synchronous cases reported. Such lesions can be properly diagnosed and treated by correlating radiographic, clinical, surgical, and histopathologic findings.

Clinical comparison of submucosal injection of dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the effect of submucosal injection of dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide on postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus occurring after impacted mandibular third molar surgery. METHOD AND MATERIALS A total of 78 patients (aged 18 to 35) with asymptomatic, unilateral, impacted mandibular third molar, and without any systemic disease were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups randomly (control, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone acetonide). In the experimental groups, dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide were injected into submucosa at about 1 cm above the surgical area submucosally. The control group of patients did not take any drug submucosally but the same surgical procedure was applied. Pain evaluation was performed by visual analog scale (VAS). Swelling was measured using a flexible standard ruler measuring the dimensions of the axes between certain points on the face. For trismus evaluation, maximum mouth opening was measured. Measurements taken on the preoperative, and on postoperative first, third, and seventh days were compared with each other and statistically evaluated. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups on the different days of the postoperative period. The effect of triamcinolone acetonide on pain started on the first day postoperatively and the effect of triamcinolone acetonide on trismus and pain was better than other groups at the third and seventh days. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide regarding postoperative complications. CONCLUSION The submucosal injection of dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide might be an effective treatment for postoperative discomfort occurring following impacted mandibular third molar surgery, and triamcinolone acetonide could be applied as an alternative to dexamethasone.

Histomorphometric analysis of new bone obtained by osteogenic periosteal distraction in ovariectomized rabbits

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen deficiency on newly formed bone obtained by osteogenic periosteal distraction histomorphometrically. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-six female rabbits were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group underwent a bilateral ovariectomy and a sham operation was applied to the control group to equalize the stress of ovariectomy surgery. Four weeks postoperatively, a gradual distraction of the mandibular corpus was performed. RESULTS In the experimental group, callus formation was delayed and the new bone was less mineralized; conversely, when histomorphometric measurements were compared statistically, there were no significant differences between the ovariectomized and sham-operated subgroups in the mean extent of newly formed bone tissue. CONCLUSIONS Although osteoporosis caused by the lack of estrogen has negative effects on osteogenic periosteal distraction (OPD), these negative effects do not appear to present a contraindication to OPD.

The evaluation of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on new bone formation obtained by distraction osteogenesis in terms of consolidation periods.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on new bone formation obtained by distraction osteogenesis in long- or short-term consolidation periods.Materials and methodsTwenty-four rabbits were used. The animals were divided into two groups of 12 animals each, and vertical mandibular distraction osteogenesis was performed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was administered in the first group. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the 30- and 60-day consolidation period. The acquired bone amounts were compared according to their radiographic density and histopathology.ResultsHistopathologically, in the experimental group, callus formation was increased and the new bone was more mineralized. According to the radiographic densitometry analyses, there were no statistically significant differences between the 30-day consolidated subgroups of the experimental group and the 60-day consolidated subgroup of the control group (p = 0.873).ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used to increase the quality and the quantity of bone and to decrease the maturation time which may shorten the consolidation period of vertical distraction osteogenesis.Clinical relevanceThe effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on vertical distraction osteogenesis procedure according to consolidation periods has been determined. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may increase the quality and the quantity of bone and shorten the consolidation period.

The effect of cigarette smoking on the healing of extraction sockets: an immunohistochemical study.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate immunohistochemically the influence of cigarette smoking on the socket healing after tooth extraction in rats. Eighty-four male rats were divided into 3 groups; 2 groups were considered as experimental and the other as control. The animals in test 1 were exposed to smoking regimen before the surgery and after the surgery, but the animals in test 2 were exposed to the smoking regimen only before surgery. All animals’ maxillary right central incisors were extracted and killed at the 3rd, 7th, 15th, and 28th day. The samples taken on third day after tooth extraction were stained immunohistochemically with fibronectin antibody and the other with type I collagen antibody. On the third day after tooth extraction, samples in the control group were intense stained (3) (+++); in the test 1 they were slight positive (1) (+) and in the test 2 they were moderate positive (2) (+ +). As a result of scoring type I collagen antibody, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at seventh day, but there were statistically significant differences between the groups at the 15th and 28th day (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001, respectively). Comparison of the paired intense scores of type I collagen antibody staining according to days within each groups were not statistically significant. As a result, we have found out that the healing process of the tooth extraction socket is negatively affected by cigarette smoke.