Gustavo Graciolli

Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) parasitic on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations.

A total of 443 bat flies belonging to the families Nycteribiidae and Strelidae, were collected on 22 species of bats (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae, and Vespertilionidae) from Parque Estadual da Cantareira (São Paulo, Brazil), between January, 2000 and January, 2001. Eighteen new occurrences of bat flies were recorded on Anoura geoffroyi (Anastrebla caudiferae), Glossophaga soricina (A. caudiferae), Sturnira lilium (Trichobius phyllostomae, T. furmani, and Paraeuctenodes similis), Artibeus lituratus (A. caudiferae), A. fimbriatus (Megistopoda proxima), A. obscurus (Metelasmus pseudopterus), Myotis nigricans (M. proxima, M. aranea, Paratrichobius longicrus), M. ruber (Anatrichobius passosi, Joblingia sp.), M. levis (A. passosi), M. albescens (A. passosi, Basilia andersoni), and Histiotus velatus (M. aranea). Seven new occurrences were recorded for the state of São Paulo, increasing the range for T. tiptoni, T. furmani, M. proxima, Aspidoptera falcata, A. caudiferae, A. modestini and B. andersoni. The relationships between parasitism and host sex, reproductive stage, age hyperparasitism by fungi are discussed.

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de morcegos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) no sul do Brasil: associações hospedeiros-parasitos e taxas de infestação

Hosts-parasites associations, including infestation rates, between ectoparasitic bat flies of the family Streblidae and bats of the family Phyllostomidae were studied in Atlantic Forest habitats in southern Brazil. For the more abundant phyllostomid bats, the prevalence and mean intensity of fly infestation were determined during the different seasons of the year and in relation to the sex and age of their hosts. From four species of bats (Anoura caudifera (E. Geoffroy, 1818), Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838, Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium E. Geoffroy, 1810), were collected 118 specimens of bat flies belonging to seven species (Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899), Megistopoda proxima (Seguy, 1926), Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907, Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976). Low infestation rates were found in A. lituratus, A. fimbriatus and S. lilium and there were a tendency for the bats to be more parasited in summer and autumn, probably related to the seasonal temperatures in the region studied because such temperatures affect the reproductive and mortality rates of the ectoparasites. For A. lituratus, the age or sex of the host did not affect the infestation rates by P. longicrus. Although the age or sex of S. lilium did not, in general, affect the rate of infestation by M. proxima, juvenile S. lilium appeared to be more frequently parasitized by M. proxima than did adult bats. The data indicate that there are no behavioral differences linked to the age and sex of the species of phyllostomid bats studied which favor or disfavor infestation by Streblidae.

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) do Estado do Paraná. II. Streblidae: chave pictórica para gêneros e espécies

A survey of batflies (Diptera, Streblidae) was done in Parana State, Brazil during 1998 and 1999. Twenty-tree species in 10 genera were recorded. Two species of streblid batflies, Paraeuctenodes longipes Pessoa & Guimaraes, 1936 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907, that have not been found in Parana State were included, because they have been recorded in Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo States. One species is new a record for Brazil: Trichobius jubatus Wenzel, 1976. In addition, twenty more species are new records for Parana State: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966; T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976; T. furmani Wenzel, 1966; T. longipes (Rudow, 1871); Paratrichobius longicrus (Ribeiro, 1907); Megistopada aranea (Coquillett, 1899); M. proxima (Seguy, 1926); Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976; A. phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833); Exastinion clovisi (Pessoa & Guimaraes, 1936); Noctiliostrebla aitkeni Wenzel, 1966; Paradyschiria fusca Speiser; 1900; P. parvula Falcoz, 1931; Strebla chrotopteri Wenzel, 1976; S. diaemi Wenzel, 1966; S. guajiro (Garcia & Casal, 1965); S. mirabilis (Waterhouse, 1879), Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, 1976; Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976; A. modestini Wenzel, 1966. The occurence of Paralrichabius longicrus on Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843), and Trichobius dugesioides dugesioides and Strebla mirabilis on Mimon bennettii (Gray, 1838) is reported for first time. Pictorial keys to species are presented and the gonopods of streblid batflies are illustrated.

Hippoboscidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) no Estado do Paraná, Brasil: chaves de identificação, hospedeiros e distribuição geográfica

A survey of the louse flies species (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) in the State of Parana, Brazil was carried out. Keys to eight genera and 15 species found are given. The following species are recorded for the first time in Parana: Lipoptena (Lipoptenella) guimaraesi Bequaert, 1957; Stipolmetopoda legtersi Bequaert, 1955; Icosta (Ornithopomus) latifacies Bequaert, 1955; Icosta (Ornithpomus) rufiventris (Bigot, 1885); Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis (Say, 1823) and Olfersia bisulcata Macquart, 1847. Baryphthengus ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1818) (Momotidae) and Ciccaba virgata Carbin, 1849 (Strigidae) are new host records for Ornithoica vicina (Walker, 1849) and I. (Ardmoeca) albipennis; Chiroxiphia caudata (Shaw, 1793) and Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838) (Pipridae) for Ornithoctona fusciventris (Wiedemann, 1830) and Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Phasianidae) for S. legtersi.

Comparative Study of the Diet of Glandulocaudinae and Tetragonopterinae (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in a Small Stream in Southern Brazil

The diet of two species of Glandulocaudinae (Diapoma speculiferum and Pseudocorynopoma doriae) and two of Tetragonopterinae (Hyphessobrycon luetkenii and Astyanax fasciatus) was studied. Specimens were collected during ten months between 1995 and 1996 in a portion of the Ribeiro River, in Barra do Ribeiro, Brazil. Stomach contents were analyzed using three measurements: frequency of occurrence, percentage composition and an index of feeding importance. Both glandulocaudine species fed mainly on allochthonous insects, with Diapoma speculiferum showing high frequencies and abundance of microcrustacea and remains of higher plants during some months of the year. On the other hand, for both species of Tetragonopterinae, allochthonous insects showed low frequencies and were less abundant. Hyphessobrycon luetkenii had an omnivorous diet, with remains of higher plants, algae and microcrustacea being the main items. The diet of Astyanax fasciatus consisted mainly of microcrustacea and remains of higher plants, but other items such as insects, algae, fish and fish eggs were also important. These results suggest that the two species of Glandulocaudinae feed more closely to the water surface than do the two species of Tetragonopterinae, and that among the Glandulocaudinae, Pseudocorynopoma doriae is a more typical surface feeder than Diapoma speculiferum.

Bat flies on phyllostomid hosts in the Cerrado region: component community, prevalence and intensity of parasitism

Streblidae flies are specialised parasites of bat hosts, mainly phyllostomids. There is a high richness of streblids in the savannah-like Cerrado region; however, there is little quantitative data available in parasitological indices. Here, we describe the component community, prevalence and intensity of a streblid infestation on a phyllostomid bat assemblage in Serra da Bodoquena, a Cerrado region in Southwest Brazil. We conducted surveys by capturing and inspecting bat hosts during the seven-month period between October 2004-December 2005. All the ectoparasites found on the bats were collected in the field and then counted and identified in the laboratory. We captured 327 bats belonging to 13 species, of which eight species were parasitized by 17 species of streblids. Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina were infested with seven streblid species, whereas the other bat species were infested with four or fewer streblid species. Megistopoda proxima and Aspidoptera falcata flies were found on Sturnira lilium, and Trichobius joblingi was the most prevalent fly on C. perspicillata. Megistopoda aranea and Aspidoptera phyllostomatis were highly prevalent and had a high intensity of infestation on Artibeus planirostris. Overall comparisons of the available data suggest that the component communities of streblids vary more between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest phytogeographical regions than between localities within the same phytogeographical region.

Streblidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) em morcegos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) no nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

A survey of the Streblidae batflies on the phyllostomid bats was conducted in the northeastern Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during 1997. Hundred thirty three streblids were collected on 44 parasited hosts. Eleven species of batflies (Trichobius dugesii Townsend, 1891, T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius sp., Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899), M. proxima (Seguy, 1926), Exastinion clovisi (Pessoa & Guimaraes, 1936), Paraeuctenodes longipes Pessoa & Guimaraes, 1936, Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, 1966, A. caudiferae Wenzel, 1976 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907) were found on six species of phyllostomid bats (Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818), A. fimbriatus Gray, 1838, Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Anoura caudifera (E. Geoffroy, 1818) and A. geoffroyi Gray, 1838). All records are new for the Rio Grande do Sul and Anastrebla caudiferae is firstly recorded in Brazil. Differences in the batflies community composition in Artibeus fimbriatus and A. lituratus are discussed.

Novos registros de moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae e Nycteribiidae) de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em áreas de transição cerrado-floresta estacional no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

As primeiras informacoes sobre moscas ectoparasitas de morcegos e seus hospedeiros no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul sao apresentadas. Os individuos de morcegos e de dipteros ectoparasitos foram coletados em area transicionais de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecidua, e tambem em uma floresta decidua. Foram encontradas sete especies de Streblidae e uma de Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Nycteribiidae). Todos os registros sao ineditos para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e Basilia bequaerti Guimaraes & D´Andretta, 1956 e registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil.

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae e Nycteribiidae) em morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em área de Floresta com Araucária no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

The information available on streblid and nycteribiid bat flies and their hosts are scant in the Araucaria Forest (AF) and there are no data on richness, distribution patterns or abundance of these ectoparasites in bat communities. Therefore, we conducted a study on bats and their ectoparasites in AF remnants (approximately 470 ha) located in the municipality of Fazenda Rio Grande, Parana State, between December 2001 and May 2003. Twelve individuals of three species of Nycteribiidae and 119 individuals of six species of Streblidae were collected on 127 bats (four species of Phyllostomidae and seven of Vespertilionidae). Five of the six species of streblid were found exclusively on Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). We collected Megistopoda proxima (Seguy, 1926) on 62 S. lilium examined with prevalence of 65.4% and mean intensity of 2.00; Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, respectively, with 13.5% and 2.29; Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 with 7.7% and 1.00; and Metelasmus wenzeli Graciolli & Dick, 2004 with 1.6% and 4.00. We did not find significant differences in prevalence (p = 0.544) and mean intensity (p = 0.361) between the sexes of S. lilium . On 26 A . lituratus captured we found only Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907) with prevalence of 32% and mean intensity of 1.50.

Streblidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) sobre morcegos filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em cavernas do Distrito Federal Brasil

A survey of streblid batflies on phyllostomid bats was carried out from caves in Distrito Federal, Brazil during 1997 and 1998. Thirteen species were found on eight species of bats. Two species of batflies, Trichobius lonchophyllae Wenzel, 1966 and T. propinquus Wenzel, 1976, are new records for Brazil.