Gustavo Migliorini de Oliveira

Cobertura de gotas de pulverização obtida com diferentes pontas e taxas de aplicação na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar

The terrestrial application of agricultural defensives in the sugar-alchool producer sector until recently was focused on weed control. After the appearance of orange rust, a disease of agricultural importance in sugar cane production, it has become imperative to know how the application arrives at the plant canopy. In such a way, the present study was developed with the objective of evaluate the quality of the deposition in terrestrial spraying, lead in factorial project 2x2x2 (two nozzles of spraying, two rates of application and two positions of the water-sensitive papers in the canopy of plant), six repetitions, with ten papers each. It has been used the nozzles of spraying XR110.02 (plain jet of extended range) and TTJ60 - 110,02 (double plain jet, with angle of 60 degrees between itself) using the rates of application of 120 and 160L ha-1. The water-sensitive papers cards used to evaluate the deposition of the sprayings had been distributed on the leaves of sugar cane in two distinct heights (upper and lower, approximately 0,80 and 0,50 meters above ground level, arranged in horizontal and inclined with respect to the road surface, respectively). A table scanner was used to generate the digital images of the papers and evaluated the coverings through the Conta-Gotas® program. The deposition data/covering had been submitted to the variance analysis and the averages compared with the Tukey test at 5% of significance. It was observed in the superior canopy of the sugarcane a bigger covering when compared with the inferior, there was no difference between the application rates, 120 and 160L ha-1. The TTJ600110.02 nozzle promoted bigger covering the XR110.02 nozzle when using 160L ha-1 (40,34 and 36,50%, respectively).

Sentidos de aplicação e pontas de pulverização no percentual de cobertura em alvos artificiais, para diferentes situações de orientação de alvo e vento

Several factors influence the efficiency of the application: weather, equipment, chemical products, target and moment of application. Another aspect is the uniformity of the spray in different leave surfaces, because it influences in the absorption, translocation and control of the biological agents by contact products. The aim of this paper was to study the effect of different spray directions and nozzle in the percentage of coverage at artificial target (upper and lower faces) to six different situations about target orientation and wind. The artificial target was cardstock paper. It was realized six different experiments or situations: target orientation, in relation to the soil plan, (horizontal - 0th, inclined - 45th and vertical - 90th) x wind (0 e 10km h-1). For each situation, it was study six applications: three directions (top to bottom, side and bottom to up) x two nozzles (SF 110-02 e LD 110-02). It was evaluated the percentage of coverage in the two faces of the artificial target. Based on this, the experimental design was factorial (spray direction x nozzle x target face) to each situation of target orientation and wind. The results indicate that surfaces opposite to the direction spray receive lower levels of coverage in relation to the surfaces turned to the spray, and that in the surfaces turned to the spray on the inclined (45th) and vertical (90th) orientation the SF 110-02 nozzle promoted higher percentages of coverage, independently of the wind.

Controle da ferrugem da folha do trigo (Puccinia triticina) em diferentes momentos de aplicação de fungicida

The fungicide application is important to the wheat field and its efficacy is related mainly to the biologic timing for the control. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of timing of fungicide application in the damage caused by leaf rust of wheat (P. triticina). A spore trap Siga was installed in the experimental area to assist the prediction of leaf rust before the first symptom. The cultivar used was CD 104 - susceptible to the rust - and the applications were made at 7, 14 and 21 days after the first symptoms of the leaf rust on the plants. It was evaluated in this experiment the area under the disease progress curve, obtained by the disease severity, and the yield (kg/ha) and hectolitre weight (g) indexes of the field. The trap Siga was able to detect spores of leaf rust before the disease symptoms, supporting its identification in the field in the first symptoms. The delay of the fungicide application increased the level of disease severity, reducing significantly the control level and causing considerable damage to the crop yield. It was verified yield losses approximately of 80 kg per day of delay of the application.