Gustavo Mora-García

Seroprevalencia de IgG contra Rubeola en mujeres entre 10-49 años, en Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar la seroprevalencia de Inmunoglobulina G (IgG) contra Virus de la Rubeola (VR) en Cartagena y si las metas de cobertura en inmunizacion contra VR han sido alcanzadas. Metodos Se desarrollo un estudio transversal, durante 2009. Se incluyeron mujeres entre 10-49 anos de edad. Los individuos fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. Las variables socio-demograficas fueron registradas por entrevista directa. La IgG contra VR fue detectada mediante ELISA. Para analizar diferencias entre grupos se emplearon la prueba exacta de Fisher y X2. Se aplico un modelo de regresion logistica para correlacionar variables. Resultados Se analizaron 1 528 muestras. El 93 % (n=1 422) de la poblacion fue seropositiva. Las mujeres entre 10-14 anos reportaron un menor nivel de seropositividad en relacion con el resto de la poblacion. Las diferencias entre proporciones de seroprevalencia fueron estadisticamente significativas en los rangos de edad (p<0,001) y la ocupacion (p=0,042). Las mujeres entre 10-14 anos reportaron riesgo elevado para seronegatividad (OR=0,27, p<0,001). Conclusiones Las metas de seroprevalencia contra VR no han sido alcanzadas en Cartagena y nuevos casos de Rubeola o Sindrome de Rubeola Congenita podrian presentarse en el Distrito. Estos hallazgos revelan que no hubo progreso significativo desde 2006, cuando el porcentaje de cobertura en vacunacion contra VR oscilaba entre 90-95 %. El alto riesgo en el grupo de 10-14 anos sugiere falencias en la administracion de las dosis iniciales en el esquema de vacunacion.

Frequency of common polymorphisms in Caveolin 1 (CAV1) gene in adults with high serum triglycerides from Colombian Caribbean Coast.

Abstract Background: Caveolin 1 gene (CAV1) has been associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hypertension in humans. Also, it has been related to high serum triglycerides in rodents, however there is little evidence of this relation in humans. Aim: To describe frequencies of common variations in CAV1 in adults with high serum triglycerides. Methods: A case-control study was carried out with adults from Colombian Caribbean Coast. A whole blood sample was employed to measure serum concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol and HDLc. Six common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in CAV1 were genotyped (rs926198, rs3779512, rs10270569, rs11773845, rs7804372 and rs1049337). Allelic and genotypic frequencies were determined by direct count and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was assessed. Case and control groups were compared with null-hypothesis tests. Results: A total of 220 cases and 220 controls were included. For rs3779512 an excess in homozygotes frequency was found within case group (40.4% (GG), 41.3% (GT) and 18.1% (TT); Fis=0.13, p=0.03). Another homozygotes excess among case group was found in rs7804372 (59.5% (TT), 32.3% (TA) and 8.2% (AA); Fis= 0.12, p= 0.04). In rs1049337, cases also showed an excess in homozygotes frequency (52.7% (CC), 35.0% (CT) and 12.3% (TT); Fis= 0.16, p= 0.01). Finally, for rs1049337 there were differences in genotype distribution between case and control groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: An increased frequency of homozygote genotypes was found in subjects with high serum triglycerides. These findings suggest that minor alleles for SNPs rs3779512, rs7804372 and rs1049337 might be associated to higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia.

Analysis of Health Indicators in Two Rural Communities on the Colombian Caribbean Coast: Poor Water Supply and Education Level Are Associated with Water-Related Diseases

Water-related diseases are closely linked with drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, socioeconomic status, education level, or dwellings conditions. Developing countries exhibit a particular vulnerability to these diseases, especially rural areas and urban slums. This study assessed socioeconomic features, WASH indicators, and water-related diseases in two rural areas of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Most of this population did not finish basic education (72.3%, N = 159). Only one of the communities had a water supply (aqueduct), whereas the other received water via an adapted tanker ship. No respondents reported sewage services; 92.7% (N = 204) had garbage service. Reported cases of diarrhea were associated with low education levels (P = 2.37 × 10-9) and an unimproved drinking water supply (P = 0.035). At least one fever episode was reported in 20% (N = 44) of dwellings, but the cases were not related to any indicator. The Aedes/House index (percentage of houses that tested positive for Aedes larvae and/or pupae) was 69%, the container index (percentage of water-holding containers positive for Aedes larvae or pupae) 29.4%, and the Breteau index (number of positive containers per 100 houses in a specific location) was three positive containers per 100 inspected houses. The presence of positive containers was associated with the absence of a drinking water supply (P = 0.04). The community with poorer health indicators showed greater health vulnerability conditions for acquisition of water-related diseases. In summary, water supply and educational level were the main factors associated with the presence of water-related diseases in both communities.

Frecuencia de enfermedades huérfanas en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

OBJECTIVE Estimating the frequency of genetic orphan diseases in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was carried out employing data from the Health Care Service Individual Records (RIPS) of 2003-2010, kept by the District Administrative Department of Health-DADIS- in Cartagena de Indias. Genetic ODs included in national classification from Colombian Ministry of Health were chosen, and those identify by the Q reference according to the International Codes of Disease (ICD10) were finally selected for descriptive analysis. RESULTS A total of 522 181 people who consulted the health system were recorded. 0.8 % (n=16 527) had a diagnosis Q. Finally, 391 people (0.075 %) had diagnostic impression of genetic OD. Within this population, 75 different diagnostic impressions were found. Congenital malformations and deformities of the musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79) were the most frequent (38.6 %), followed by Other Congenital Malformations (Q080-089) with 16.6 %. CONCLUSIONS It was obtained the first report of the frequency of genetic orphan diseases from the second largest on the Colombian Caribbean coast city. It is suspected that misreporting in RIPS database is reducing actual frequency of OD. Further active search could reveal complete prevalence.