H. Bartels
University of Tübingen
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Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1959
H. Bartels; H. Harms
ZusammenfassungMit dem manometrischen Apparat nach van Slyke wurden in vitro-Dissoziationskurven (Kugeltonometer) von 6 Menschen, 6 Kaninchen, 12 Meerschweinchen, 5 Hunden, 8 Katzen, 8 Schweinen, 6 Rindern und 7 Schafen aufgestellt. Der mittlere Fehler der Mittelwertskurven liegt bei den Tieren zwischen 0,2 und 0,4 mm Hg po2, beim Menschen bei 1,0 mm Hg po2. Die Kurven des Menschen, Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen, Hundes, Schweines und Rindes liegen bei 50% O2-Sättigung, 37° C und einempHS von 7,4 zwischen 26,8 und 30,8 mmHg po2. Deutlich rechts davon liegen die Kurven der Katzen und Schafe mit 36,3 bzw. 33,7 mm Hg po2 bei 50% Sättigung des Blutes. Es besteht kein Anhalt, daß bei den Tieren einer Species individuell verschiedene O2-DK vorliegen. Es ist gesichert, daß beim Menschen individuell verschiedene O2-DK vorliegen, der größte gefundene Unterschied ist bei 50% O2-Sättigung 5,8 mm Hg po2.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1964
H. Bartels; W. Moll
Abstract1. The vascular arrangement and the perfusion pattern of the human placenta is discussed from the point of view of the transfer of substances from the maternal blood through the placental membrane into the fetal blood. The functional unit of the human placenta is a stream of maternal blood in the intervillous space opposed to a large series of fetal capillaries (the multivillous stream bed system).2. The transfer of each inert substance in the human placenta is dependent upon the concentration difference of the substance in the maternal and fetal blood entering the placenta, the rates of blood flow and the permeability coefficient of the placental membrane. These relationships are graphically presented.3. The placental transfer of oxygen during maternal hypoxia in the human depends upon the difference in O2 partial pressure in the entering blood streams, the rates of blood flow, the oxygen affinity and the capacity of maternal and fetal blood and the diffusion capacity of the placental membrane. These relationships are graphically presented.4. The transfer of oxygen under normal conditions in the human placenta depends upon the rates of blood flow and the diffusion capacity. These relationship are graphically presented for conditions of special composition of maternal and fetal blood entering the placenta.5. The transfer characteristics of the human placenta are compared with those in placentas with other vascular arrangements and perfusion patterns. The system of the human placenta is more efficient than a concurrent system and a pool system, but less efficient than a countercurrent system if the diffusion capacity of the placental membrane is high in relation to the fetal transport capacity. If the diffusion capacity is low in relation to the fetal transport capacity, all systems have about the same efficiency.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1960
H. Bartels; Rainer Wrbitzky
SummaryThe CO2 solubility coefficient has been estimated in plasma of ox blood between 15° C and 38° C and in plasma of human blood at 37° C. The figures of 38° C agree well with those of Van Slyke et al. The calculation ofph with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation with the estimated value for α-CO2 at 37° C (0,515) shows a shift of appr. 0,01 units in comparison to the use of the earlier calculated value (0,526). At 20° C the application of the estimated value changes the calculatedph up to 0,02 units.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1961
H. Bartels; K. Betke; P. Hilpert; G. Niemeyer; K. Riegel
SummaryIn-vitro oxygen dissociation curves were constructed for 14 subjects. To uncover individual variations, at least 3 curves were drawn for most subjects over a period of several weeks. In 5 subjects they were drawn over a period of 2 years. The resultant individual characteristics are constant for years. The maximum variation of oxygen partial pressure necessary to produce 50% saturation in our subjects amounted to 5.4 mm Hg. The mean partial pressure of oxygen for half saturation from all experiments was 26.8 mm Hg, standard deviation ±2.6. A new „Standard Oxygen Dissociation Curve“ is presented.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1960
H. Bartels; Winfried Reinhardt
SummaryA platinum electrode with poly-styrol direct protecting covering for the estimation of the oxygen tension in whole blood is described. The method was applied in the range of oxygen tensions between 4 and 370 torr, and has a minimum standard deviation of ±0.4 torr po2. In dayly laboratory practice a standard deviation of ±1.0 torr is a common result. The determination is done after 30 to 60 seconds of current flow. The electrode is both, simple in construction and handling. Successfull applications have been performed in animal experiments.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1963
S. Ulrich; P. Hilpert; H. Bartels
SummaryFor shrews, white mice and golden hamsters the oxygen dissociation curves and the Bohr-effect are presented. The half-saturation tensions for oxygen related to bloodph of 7,4 and 37° C are 36.9; 33.8; 27.8 for shrews, white mice and golden hamsters respectively. The Bohr-effect values are 0.63; 0.63; 0.41.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1960
H. Bartels; P. Hilpert; K. Riegel
Die wirksame Sauerstoffdruckdifferenz zwischen Capillarblut und a~mender Zelle best immt diejenige Sauerstoffmenge, die vom Blur in das Gewebe gelangt. Das AusmaB der wirksamen 02-Druckdifferenz h/~ngt ab yon der 02-Transportkapaziti~t des Blutes, den Dissoziationseigensch~ften des H/imoglobins (ausgedrfickt in der O2-Dissoziationskurve), den Diffusionsmedien, der geometrischen Anordnung der Gewebe (Abstand tier Zellen von den Capi lhren; Anordnung der Mitochondrien in den Zellen), der S~offwechselgrSBe der Zellen und yon den Eigenschaften eventuell vorhandener 02Speicher (~yoglobin). W~hrend ausreichende Informat ionen tiber den Vorg~ng der Sauerstoffaufn~hme ir~L der Lunge einerseits und fiber den Vorgang der Zell~ tmung andererseits vorliegen, sind die Einfliisse einer slch /indernden 02-Transportf/ihigkeit des Blutes ~uf die Gewebsversorgung wenig un~ersucht. Die physiologischen ~nderungen der O~-Transportkapazit/~ des Blutes sind ~n der N~chgeburtsperiode am grSBten. Desh~lb untersuchten wir S~tuglinge w~hrend der ersten Lebensmonate 2a und erweiter*en diese Untersuchungen auf Schafund Ziegenl/~mmer.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1956
M. Mochizuki; H. Bartels
ZusammenfassungEs wird folgende Gleichung abgeleitet: n
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1961
H. Harms; H. Bartels
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology | 1952
H. Bartels; K. Brecht
PA_{{text{O}}_{text{2}} } = PI_{{text{O}}_{text{2}} } - frac{{Pa_{{text{CO}}_{text{2}} } - PI_{{text{CO}}_{text{2}} } }}{{FE_{{text{CO}}_{text{2}} } - FI_{{text{CO}}_{text{2}} } }}(FI_{{text{O}}_{text{2}} } - FE_{{text{O}}_{text{2}} } )