Ha-young Lee

Early Ordovician conodonts from the Dumugol Formation in the Baegunsan Syncline, eastern Yeongweol and Samcheog areas, Kangweon-Do, Korea

Samples from the Dumugol Formation were collected from eight measured sections and two cores in the so-called Baegunsan Syncline, located between eastern Yeongweol and Samcheog areas, Kangweon-Do, South Korea. A total of 7,813 identifiable conodonts were recovered from 146 samples. They are classified into 24 multielement species referable to 16 genera, and 37 form species belonging to 17 genera; six species are newly described: Distacodus dumugolensis, Parapanderodus acontiformis, Scolopodus longibasis, Scolopodus n. sp. A, Triangulodus dumugolensis , and Oistodus (?) sp. The Dumugol Formation is divided biostratigraphically into four conodont zones, viz, Chosonodina herfurthi-Rossodus manitouensis, Glyptoconus quadraplicatus, Paracordylodus gracilis , and Triangulodus dumugolensis zones in ascending order. These zones are correlated with those of the early Ordovician conodont faunas of North America, northern Europe, China, Australia, and Iran. The Dumugol Formation ranges from late Tremadocian to early Arenigian in age. The boundary between these two series lies between 70 and 100 m above the base of the Dumugol Formation in each of the sections.

High KLF4 level in normal tissue predicts poor survival in colorectal cancer patients

BackgroundKrüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is involved in many important cellular processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of KLF4 in both tumors and normal tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsBetween January 2003 and June 2005, 125 patients with CRC receiving treatment at the Yonsei Cancer Center were selected. We examined the mRNA level of the KLF4 gene in primary CRC specimens and matched normal colon tissues using real-time RT-PCR. Correlation of survival with clinicopathological parameters, including KLF4 level, was investigated with univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsCRC tissue had a significantly lower KLF4 level when compared with matched normal tissues (KLF4 in tumors: 2007 ± 1531 copies/μl, KLF4 in normal tissues: 6586 ± 2834 copies/μl; P <0.0001). However, there was a correlation between the KLF4 level in tumors and normal tissues. Patients with a high KLF4 level in matched normal tissues were more likely than those with a low KLF4 level to develop recurrence and had poorer overall survival (P = 0.005). Therefore, the KLF4 level in the normal tissue of individuals was associated with prognosis of individuals.ConclusionsOur data suggest that KLF4 mRNA expression level in normal tissues and tumors may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with CRC.

Design of Intelligent Healthcare Support System Applying Machine Learning

As we move into an aging society, more and more people are interested in healthy old age and well-being. In this paper, we propose a personalized health information service system applying machine learning. The proposed personal health support system is focused on personalized recommendation service according to user profile of PHR(Personal Health Record). Machine learning algorithms such as the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and the data mining algorithms are adopted and applied to figure out characteristics of users and categorize the profiles of users. We design the proposed system that has an inference engine, which provides health contents or information for a specific user. The personalized healthcare service platform will make it possible to recommend personalized health information to the user. The proposed system can be used to handle smart self-care in an aging society.

An Area-Efficient BIRA With 1-D Spare Segments

The growing capacity and density of embedded memories increases the probability of defects and affects the yield. To improve the yield, built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA) has been developed to replace faulty cells with healthy redundant cells. BIRA requires a high repair rate and a feasible hardware size for implementation. Although many BIRAs have been proposed, most of them still demonstrate a low repair rate or a large required hardware size. The proposed BIRA employs an intuitive algorithm with a small-area analyzer that uses 1-D spare segments in the 2-D spare structure. Because most faults in the memory are single faults, spare segments can be used to efficiently allocate redundancies. In terms of the yield, 1-D spare segments are effective when used with an intuitive algorithm that can be implemented with a small hardware overhead. Experimental results show that the proposed BIRA has a higher repair rate and relatively low hardware overhead than state-of-the-art BIRAs and has the advantages of 1-D spare segments.

Fault Group Pattern Matching With Efficient Early Termination for High-Speed Redundancy Analysis

Advances in memory density and capacity have had the consequence of increasing the probability of memory faults. For this reason, redundancy analysis (RA) and repair are used as effective solutions to improve memory yield. However, as the growth of the number of memory cells increases, it causes increase of the number of faulty cells and results in increase of difficulty of fault analysis. Although various RA methodologies have been proposed, most of them require a long analysis time or fast analysis speed without achieving a 100% normalized repair rate. Furthermore, research on conventional RA methodologies has not included effective early termination methods. Therefore, in this paper, fault group pattern matching (FGPM) is proposed for high speed RA with an effective early termination method. It can achieve very fast analysis with a 100% normalized repair rate. Additionally, it can finish the analysis rapidly by the proposed early termination method when a memory cannot be repaired. Experimental results demonstrate that the FGPM is highly effective in reducing analysis time with the achievement of a 100% normalized repair rate. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed early termination is shown.

Abstract 4664: CXCL14 and CXCR7 expression are upregulated in human squamous lung cancers

Purposes Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) is the second-largest histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, but relatively few biomarkers are available compared to adenocarcinoma. Recently, chemokines and their receptors have been suggested to play important roles in the initiation or progression of cancers. In this study we examined the expression of chemokines and their receptors in human lung SQCC. Methods For mRNA expression of chemokines their receptors study, tumors and their matched normal lung specimens were collected from fresh frozen samples of 10 patients. For immunohistochemistry (IHC) study, formalin-fixed paraffine-embedded samples of 35 patients with primary lung SQCC were collected. All samples were from patients who were subjected to curative surgical resection at Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. The mRNA was extracted by Quiagen RNeasy kit and the human RT2ProfilerPCR arrays for Chemokines/Receptors (SA Biosciences) was employed to determine the mRNA expression. Also, IHC was used to demonstrate their protein expression. Results The expression profiles of 84 chemokines and their related genes were compared across the tumors and their matched normal lung tissues. Among them, mRNA expression levels of CXCL14 (p=0.000) and CXCR7 (p=0.025) were significantly upregulated in tumor. CXCL14 and CXCR7 protein expression by IHC were detected in 25 (71%, p=0.000) and 21 (60%, p=0.000) of 35 cases for tumor, respectively. However, normal lung tissues showed no protein expression for CXCL14 and CXCR7. We also analyzed the correlation between clinicopathologic features (age, stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement, lymphovascular and perineural invasion and differentiation of tumor) and protein expression of CXCL14 and CXCR7. Although not significant, CXCL14 protein expression was more detected in the advanced stage (stage I/II, 60% vs III/IV, 90%) (p=0.120), lymphatic invasion (Yes, 82% vs No, 41%) (p=0.146) and perineural invasion (Yes, 100% vs No, 57%) (p=0.067). CXCR7 protein expression was significantly higher in advanced stage (stage I/II, 11/24, 46% vs III/IV, 10/10, 100%) (p=0.005) and lymphatic invasion (Yes, 13/16, 81% vs No, 8/18, 44%) (p=0.039). Conclusions This study demonstrated that mRNA expression level of CXCL14 and CXCR7 were significantly higher in SQCC compared to those in normal tissue. CXCR7 protein expression was detected significantly higher in advanced stage and lymphatic invasion. Our results indicated that CXCL14 and CXCR7 might play important roles in carcinogenesis and further study to elucidate their role in SQCC is required. Citation Format: YoonHee Choi, Soo Young Chung, Yoo Sang Yoon, Jae Hyun Kim, Ha-young Lee, Kyung A Kwon, Bong-Gun Seo, Hee Sam Na, Sung Sook Lee. CXCL14 and CXCR7 expression are upregulated in human squamous lung cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4664. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4664

Discussion of cost-effective redundancy architectures

To get a reasonable yield, memories incorporate redundancies to substitute for faulty cells. As the performance of repair algorithm reaches some saturation point, recent studies focus on various redundancy architectures for higher repair rate. In this paper, three kinds of spares, i.e., local, common, and global spares, are discussed to analyze the efficiency of redundancy architectures in respect of the repair cost. In order to estimate the impact of each spare, more than a hundred redundancy architectures are simulated with different faulty patterns. This paper performs a data analysis and suggests cost-effective redundancy architectures.

Venous thromboembolism in patients with renal cell carcinoma: Incidence, risk factors, and prognostic implication.

446 Background: Renal cell ca (RCC) is one of solid tumor with relatively highest incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). But, there have been to no large-scale studies that focused on VTE in RCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, time course of VTE, risk factors, and prognosis associated with VTE in RCC patients in Korea. METHODS The medical records of RCC patients (n=1248) histologically diagnosed at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea from Jan 2005 to Mar 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Among 1248 RCC patients, 69.6% were men, median age was 56years (range: 4∼89), and stage distribution was stage I 65.1%, stage II 9.2%, stage III 10.4%, stage IV 12.5%. The 2-year cumulative incidences of tumor induced VTE (tVTE) was detected in 78 patients (6.3%), while 1-month, 6-months and 1-year cumulative incidence of tVTE were 5.3%, 5.7% and 6.0%, retrospectively. Two-year cumulative incidence of tVTE seemed to increase with stage (0.6%, 3.5%, 22.3% and 24.3% in stages I, II, III and IV, retrospectively). Almost tVTE events developed in the first few months after diagnosis. Stage and metastatic disease were independent risk factors for developing tVTE. In multivariate analysis, the development of tVTE was a significant predictor of survival (P=0.004) and stage, age, ECOG PS was also independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that specially focused on tVTE in RCC. The 2-year cumulative incidence of tVTE in Korean patients with RCC was 6.3%, which is similar to other ethnic group. As tVTE related to poorer survival, RCC patients with advanced stage and metastasis with higher risk of tVTE, close follow-up is recommended and proactive prophylaxis of VTE might be needed.

Abstract P2-05-14: Clinical significance of Lysil oxidase-like 2 (LOXL 2) in breast cancer

Introduction: Several preclinical studies provided relevant evidences that lysine oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is associated with invasiveness and metastasis in breast cancer. To investigate the clinical significance of LOXL2, we performed survival analysis with LOXL-2 in breast cancer patients. Method: A cohort treated at Gangnam Severance hospital, Seoul, Korea between January 1996 and December 2004 was studied. The immunohistochemical analyses with LOXL-2 antibody were performed in the 309 patients. The patients was stratified into two groups based on the expression level of LOXL-2. Kaplan-Meier and Cox9s methods were used to define prognostic factors associated with breast cancer survival. Results: LOXL-2 positive group was 50 patients (16.2%) and 259 patients (83.8%) are LOXL-2 negative group. The proportion of estrogen receptor-negative patients was significantly higher in LOXL-2 positive group (54.0 vs. 37.0 %, P = 0.040). The Kaplan-Meier overall survival estimate at 5 year for the breast cancer patients with negative LOXL-2 was higher than that for the patients with positive LOXL-2 (88.0 vs. 71.8 %, P = 0.008). In the multivariate analysis for overall survival, lymph node metastasis (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.61) and positive LOXL-2 (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.97) were significantly associated. In the multivariate analysis for distant metastasis-free survival, age younger than 35 years (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.91), lymph node metastasis (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.54), high histologic grade (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.89) and positive LOXL-2 (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31–0.97) were demonstrated as significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: In breast cancer patients, overexpression of LOXL-2 is a poor prognostic factor for overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-14.

Abstract B26: Expression of the KLF4 and SOX10 predicting for survival in colorectal cancer.

The zinc finger transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is involved in many important cellular processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. A loss of KLF4 expression has been observed in human tumors, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Sry box 10 (SOX10) is a transcription factor expressed in nerve cell and melanocytes. SOX10 is believed to be essential for neural crest fate determination and to maintain the multipotency of neural crest cells. Here, to investigate the roles of KLF4 and SOX10 in colorectal cancers (CRC), we examined the expression of KLF4 and SOX10 in tumor tissues and paired normal tissues in 125 CRC patients by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain (real-time RT-PCR). CRC had significantly lower KLF4 and SOX10 levels compared with matched normal tissues (KLF4: 2007±1531 Copies/ul in CRC, 6585±2833 Copies/ul in normal tissues, SOX10: 60±100 Copies/ul in CRC, 399±215 Copies/ul in normal tissues) (P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B26.