Hairulazwan Hashim

A study on industrial communication networking: Ethernet based implementation

Recent enhancement of the industrial communications and networking are possible to apply in Ethernet networks system at all levels of industrial automation, especially in the controller level whereby the data exchanges in real-time communication is mandatory. This paper is about a study on the development of industrial communications network based on the Ethernet protocol and thus implement it into computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. The purpose of this paper is to overcome real-time communication in which the accessibility of data exchange is very difficult in terms of retrieving data from other stations and time consuming. The Ethernet module is installed onto supervisory OMRON PLC to integrate several of stations in the CIM-70A system which is located at Robotic Laboratory in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The workability of this communication technique is analyzed and compared with the conventional serial communication which widely used in automation networking systems. It is found that, the Ethernet protocol approach through the communication and integration of CIM system can be accessed easily and available to be upgraded at the management and enterprise levels of industrial automation system.

Implementing Ethernet in Computer Integrated Manufacturing system

As the number of field devices in manufacturing systems grows and the functions of the system need to be more intelligent, these devices need to exchange the rapidly increasing amount of data among them. Implementing Ethernet even at the lowest level is suitable for a better interface and offer advantages of direct access of information and equipment diagnostic. This paper proposes the integration between the industrial communications network based on the Ethernet protocol and Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) system. The Ethernet module is installed onto supervisory OMRON PLC to integrate several stations in the CIM-70A system to overcome real-time communication in terms of retrieving data from other stations. The workability of this communication technique is analyzed and compared with the conventional serial communication which is widely used in automation networking systems. It is found that, the Ethernet protocol approach through the communication and integration of CIM system can be accessed easily and available to be upgraded at the management and enterprise levels of industrial automation system.

Optical control of adhesion property of magnetic nanosensor using photochromism for effective manipulation and cell injection

Effective manipulation and rapid injection of nanosensor with high cell viability have great significance to biological and biomedical applications such as drug delivery and cells biology. This study presents manipulation of a magnetic nanosensor with a temperature indicator and immobilization onto cell surface using glass nanoprobe by Coulombs force. The nanosensor is stained by Rhodamine B as the temperature indicator and is contained by lipid layer with Spiropyran (SP), which is a photochromic material. The zeta potential of nanosensor is switched between negative and positive by photo-isomerization of SP. The zeta potential of the liposome is switched to positive by UV illumination and recovered to negative by VIS illumination. The nanosensor is picked up and transported by glass nanoprobe. The positively charged nanosensor is immobilized to the cell membrane since the zeta potential of cell membrane is negative. The immobilized nanosensor can be injected into the cell cytoplasm by local laser heating. We demonstrated the manipulation and injection of the Ø750 nm magnetic nanosensor by the micromanipulator and local laser heating.

Manipulation and injection of a specific magnetic nanosensor using optical zeta potential control and local laser heating

Effective manipulation and rapid injection of nanosensor with high cell viability have great significance to biological and biomedical applications such as drug delivery and cells biology. This study presents manipulation of a magnetic nanosensor, immobilization onto cell surface using zeta potential control and injection into cell cytoplasm by local laser heating. The nanosensor is stained by a temperature indicator and coated with lipid layer containing photochromic material. The zeta potential of the liposome is controlled interchangeability between positive by UV illumination and negative by VIS illumination. The positively charged nanosensor is manipulated by glass nanoprobe and immobilized on the cell membrane since the charge of the cells are negative. We demonstrated the manipulation and immobilization of the nanosensor using optical charge control and injection of the sensor into the cell cytoplasm by local laser heating.

Manipulation and immobilization of a single fluorescence nanosensor for selective injection into cells

Manipulation and injection of single nanosensors with high cell viability is an emerging field in cell analysis. We propose a new method using fluorescence nanosensors with a glass nanoprobe and optical control of the zeta potential. The nanosensor is fabricated by encapsulating a fluorescence polystyrene nanobead into a lipid layer with 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (SP), which is a photochromic material. The nanobead contains iron oxide nanoparticles and a temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B. The zeta potential of the nanosensor switches between negative and positive by photo-isomerization of SP with ultraviolet irradiation. The positively-charged nanosensor easily adheres to a negatively-charged glass nanoprobe, is transported to a target cell, and then adheres to the negatively-charged cell membrane. The nanosensor is then injected into the cytoplasm by heating with a near-infrared (NIR) laser. As a demonstration, a single 750 nm nanosensor was picked-up using a glass nanoprobe with optical control of the zeta potential. Then, the nanosensor was transported and immobilized onto a target cell membrane. Finally, it was injected into the cytoplasm using a NIR laser. The success rates of pick-up and cell immobilization of the nanosensor were 75% and 64%, respectively. Cell injection and cell survival rates were 80% and 100%, respectively.