Hale Cimilli

Root canal morphology of maxillary premolars.

The objective of this study was to investigate further internal anatomy of maxillary premolars. Six hundred recently extracted maxillary first and second premolar teeth were used in this study. One-half of the teeth were maxillary first premolars, the other half were maxillary second premolars. The teeth were stored in 10% formalin solution, and a standard clearing technique was applied with some modifications. Finally, ink-dyed root canal systems were evaluated by a dissecting light microscope. Each tooth was examined as to the number of roots and root canals and their types, ramifications of the main root canals, and location of apical foramina and transverse anastomoses. Examination of the root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertuccis classification. The incidence of type I canals (one canal) for the maxillary first premolars was 8.66%, whereas 89.64% of the total samples demonstrated two canals (from type II to type VII). Only 1.66% of maxillary first premolars were type VIII or type IX (three canals). Regarding maxillary second premolars, the incidence of type I (one canal) was 48.66%, whereas it was 50.64% for type II to type VII (two canals). Type VIII (three canals) was found in 0.66% of the total sample.

The degrees and configurations of mesial canal curvatures of mandibular first molars

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, degree of curvature, and the configuration of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals of mandibular first molars. The degree of curvature and configuration of root canals creates some technical difficulties to the clinician during biomechanical preparation. Therefore this knowledge is essential for successful endodontic therapy. Six hundred and ninety-seven freshly extracted mandibular first molars were used in this study. After introducing 0.8 to 15 K reamers into the mesial root canals, the teeth were radiographed in buccolingual (clinical) and mesiodistal (proximal) directions. All samples showed curvatures at varying degrees in both views. There was a significant correlation between the degree of primary curvature of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in clinical directions for total samples. When the primary curvature values of the mesial root canals were evaluated in Vertucci classification, the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in Vertucci type VI were found as significantly correlated (r = 0.7173, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was seen between the secondary curvature values of clinical and proximal views of mesiolingual canal in Vertucci type VI (r = 0.9891, p < 0.05). The secondary curvature values in the clinical views of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were found as significantly correlated in Vertucci type II.

Endodontic treatment of unusual central incisors.

This report presents an endodontic therapy in an unusual case of a patient who had wide crowns of both permanent maxillary central incisors. The right maxillary central incisor had two separate canals on a fused root and the left had a large root canal within one root.

Sealing efficiency of BeeFill 2in1 and System B/Obtura II versus single-cone and cold lateral compaction techniques.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the sealing properties of 2 warm vertical compaction techniques (BeeFill 2in1, System B/Obtura II) in comparison with single-cone and cold laterally compacted gutta-percha. STUDY DESIGN The root canals of single-rooted human teeth were prepared by using Mtwo rotary files and divided into 4 groups (n = 10/group) with respect to the filling technique tested: Group 1, cold laterally compacted gutta-percha + AH-26; Group 2, single-cone tapered Mtwo gutta-percha + AH-26; Group 3, System B/ObturaII + AH-26; Group 4, BeeFill 2in1 + 2seal. The leakage of specimens was measured using a fluid-filtration method after 1 and 2 weeks. The data were analyzed statistically with 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (P = .05). RESULTS After 1 week, the System B/Obtura II group showed the greatest amount of leakage(P < .05) compared with the other test groups that had similar levels of fluid conductance(P < .05). By the end of the second week, the BeeFill group yielded the greatest amount of leakage (P < .05). Compared with their 1-week values, the fluid conductance of all test groups decreased significantly (P < .05). CONCLUSION The apical sealing efficiency of System B/Obtura II and BeeFill were inferior to the other obturation techniques after 2-week fluid conductance testing in vitro.

Salivary levels of antimicrobial peptides Hnp 1-3, Ll-37 and S100 in Behcet's disease

BACKGROUND Oral ulcer is the cardinal clinical sign and increased neutrophilic activity is a part of the pathogenesis in Behcets disease (BD). Saliva, as a part of the innate immune response, contains antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are derived from both oral epithelial cells and neutrophils. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between salivary levels of AMPs HNP 1-3, LL-37 and S100 and disease course in patients with Behcets disease (BD). METHODS Fifty-three patients with BD and 44 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Disease severity score reflecting organ involvement was calculated. Salivary HNP 1-3, LL-37 and S100 levels were measured in unstimulated saliva samples by ELISA. RESULTS Salivary HNP 1-3 and S100 levels in BD patients (2715.2 ± 1333.4 μg/ml and 430.6 ± 203.9 ng/ml) were significantly higher compared to HC (1780.6 ± 933.2 μg/ml and 365.3 ± 84.7 ng/ml) (p = 0.000 and p = 0.004, respectively). Although LL-37 levels were also higher in BD than HC (190.9 ± 189.1 vs 143.1 ± 128.9 ng/ml), no significant difference was observed (p = 0.53). Salivary HNP 1-3 and LL-37 levels were associated with the severity of BD (mild disease: 1975.1 ± 1174.2 μg/ml and 115.9 ± 109.4 ng/ml vs severe disease: 2955.7 ± 1305.6 μg/ml and 215.3 ± 203.8 ng/ml, p=0.020 and p=0.031, respectively). Salivary LL-37 levels also correlated with the number of monthly oral ulcers (r = 0.5 p = 0.000). CONCLUSION An increase in salivary HNP 1-3 and S100 levels might be associated with enhanced local and systemic innate responses in BD.

Tensile bond strength of indirect composites luted with three new self-adhesive resin cements to dentin

Objective The aims of this study were to evaluate the tensile bond strengths between indirect composites and dentin of 3 recently developed self-adhesive resin cements and to determine mode of failure by SEM. Material and Methods Exposed dentin surfaces of 70 mandibular third molars were used. Teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups: Group 1 (control group): direct composite resin restoration (Alert) with etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Bond 1 primer/adhesive), Group 2: indirect composite restoration (Estenia) luted with a resin cement (Cement-It) combined with the same etch-and-rinse adhesive, Group 3: direct composite resin restoration with self-etch adhesive system (Nano-Bond), Group 4: indirect composite restoration luted with the resin cement combined with the same self-etch adhesive, Groups 5-7: indirect composite restoration luted with self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX Unicem, Maxcem, and Embrace WetBond, respectively) onto the non-pretreated dentin surfaces. Tensile bond strengths of groups were tested with a universal testing machine at a constant speed of 1 mm/min using a 50 kgf load cell. Results were statistically analyzed by the Students t-test. The failure modes of all groups were also evaluated. Results The indirect composite restorations luted with the self-adhesive resin cements (groups 5-7) showed better results compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Group 4 showed the weakest bond strength (p>0.05). The surfaces of all debonded specimens showed evidence of both adhesive and cohesive failure. Conclusion The new universal self-adhesive resins may be considered an alternative for luting indirect composite restorations onto non-pretreated dentin surfaces.

Factors affecting oral health habits among children with cerebral palsy: pilot study.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the oral health habits of children with spastic‐type cerebral palsy (CP).

Accuracy of the Dentaport ZX apex locator for working length determination when retreating molar root canals

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Dentaport ZX apex locator for working length determination during root canal retreatment of mandibular molars. Fifteen extracted mandibular first molars with separate mesial canals and apical foraminae and one distal canal were selected. The mesiobuccal and distal canals were investigated; the length with the file tip at the major diameter was defined as the tooth length (TL). The canals were prepared with ProTaper files to 1 mm short of this and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. One week later, the root fillings were removed using ProTaper retreatment files. Tooth length was remeasured and recorded as the retreatment tooth length (RTL). Then electronic measurements were taken at the major (electronic apex locator (EAL) major) and minor (EAL minor) foraminae as suggested by the instrument display. These lengths were compared with RTL and measurements 0.5 and 1 mm short of this distance. For both canals, no significant difference was found between RTL and EAL major, and 0.5 mm short of RTL and EAL minor (P > 0.05). There were significant differences found between all other readings. The Dentaport ZX could not detect the minor foramen accurately but was able to indicate the major foramen in molars undergoing a root canal retreatment procedure.

Salivary levels of HNP 1-3 are related to oral ulcer activity in Behcet's disease.

Background  Saliva contains antimicrobial peptides derived from oral epithelium as well as neutrophils in the innate immune response. The aim of this study was to examine the association between salivary human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1–3 levels originating from neutrophils and oral ulcers in patients with Behçet’s disease (BD).

Comparison of the Sealing Ability of Biodentine, iRoot BP Plus and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the properties of two new root repair materials, Biodentine and iRoot BP Plus against ProRoot MTA when used as root-end fillings. Methods: The root canals of 45 extracted maxillary anterior teeth were prepared with ProTaper instruments. After apical resection and ultrasonic root-end cavity preparation, the teeth were divided into three groups. The cavities in the first group of 15 were filled with Biodentine, the second with iRoot BP Plus and the third with ProRoot MTA. A computerized fluid filtration method assessed the seal at 2, 10 and 28 days. Results: Significant differences were found between Groups 1-2, Groups 1-3 and between Groups 2-3 at all-time intervals (P 0.05). Conclusion: The two new root repair materials showed good performance and both offered improved handling properties compared to MTA. KEYWORDS endodontics; calcium silicate-based cement; bioceramic root repair material;