Hamed Niroumand

Modern architecture in the 21 st century

This paper presents the modern architecture in the current century. Modern architecture is a new architectural style that emerged in many countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. Modern architecture was adopted by many influential architects and an architectural educator, gained popularity after the Second World War, and continues as a dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings in the 21st century. According to this research, The Modern movement also referred to controversially as a style by some bound morality, technology and art together. Morality in that there was an aim to improve humanitys lot, notably whole scale demolition of slums to make way for clean modern housing. This paper presents the role of modernism in architecture. In this paper has been shown the influence of modernism in humanity and countries.

Modern Rammed Earth in Earth Architecture

Rammed earth is a technique for building walls using the raw materials of earth, chalk, lime and gravel. Rammed earth is a structural wall system built of natural mineral soils compacted in thin layers within sturdy formwork. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. The ancient „rammed earth‟ building technique has been used in Neolithic architecture sites and modern buildings alike. From underground green homes to other futuristic green houses. Modern architecture is a new architectural style that emerged in many countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. This paper is included many examples of structures made from rammed earth using modern architecture. The result has shown the earthen buildings create safer, more people-friendly buildings. The earthen buildings are very low in embodied energy, and extremely comfortable to live in based on modern architecture.

The Important Role of Chogha Zanbil in Earth Architecture Based on Material, Structural and Architectural Aspects

Earthen buildings come in a vast variety of shapes and sizes, made from materials like fired clay, compressed dirt and a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. The aim of this paper is to find better knowledge about Chogha Zanbil as an earth architecture based on material, structural and architectural conditions. Earth architecture includes vernacular and historical architecture drawn from many cultures and periods in different countries. Chogha Zanbil’s materials are included mud bricks and walls that are earth building’s elements. The result has shown mud bricks as good materials can be develop in new buildings and applications.

Aesthetics aspects of Japanese Bridges

Science and technology, which for ages, were symbols of human greatness and were thought to lead mankind to welfare and happiness, has come to invoke anxiety and fear. The human race is losing belief in technological civilization and no longer approves the forces that created it. Increasingly, science and technology are seen as useful only when they operate within appropriate social limits. This particularly concerns the architectural aspects and civil engineering, which is almost the oldest profession in the world and which is always a showcase of technology. A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacle such as a body of water, city, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. This paper presents the first part of Japanese bridges by investigating architectural aspects of its design. An important aspect of bridge construction will lead into a critical study of bridge aesthetics and structural design. According to the configuration of frameworks, bridges may be described as arched, girder, cable-stayed or suspension. Referring to Japanese bridges, those that most frequently provide cable-stayed frameworks in the construction work of bridges are an important factor in architecture and aesthetic of bridges.