Hamza Çınar

Impacts of Bleaching and Varnishing Process on the Amount of CO 2 in Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) Wood Material

This study was carried out to determine the effects of bleaching and varnishing process on the amount of CO2 in Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood material. For this purpose, samples of Scotch pine wood prepared according to ASTM D 358 [1] contain 18% R1 = (NaOH + H2O2), R2 = (NaOH + Ca(OH)2 + H2O2), R3 = (Na2S2O5 + H2C2O4), R4 = (NaSiO3 + H2O2), R5 = (KMnO4 + Na2S2O5 + H2O2) solution groups, after bleaching with solution groups, water based (Sb), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu) and acrylic varnish (Av) were applied according to ASTM D 3023 [3] and compliance with ASTM E 160-50 guidelines in combustion tests. Gas measurements were made with the SIGMA 74,172 NSU flue gas device during the combustion process. As a result, the amount of CO2 in the flame source combustion (ppm); The highest R1 (8.500), the lowest R3 (2.907), the highest R1 in the varnish level (5.314), the lowest Pu (2.853) Av (14.773) and lowest R2 + Sv (0.633) were obtained. The amount of CO2 in without flame combustion temperature (ppm); the highest values were Sb (6.686), the lowest Pu (5.419), the highest R1 (9.367) and the lowest R3 (5.407) Sb (19.43) and lowest R3 + Sv (1.167). Baking combustion CO2 content (ppm); the highest Pu (5.127) at the varnish level, the lowest at Sv (2.522), the bleaching materials at the level is highest at R1 (5.980), lowest at R4 (2.180), according to bleaching materials and the varnish type interaction is the highest R1 + P (15.29), also the lowest R5 Av + (0.7833) was obtained. Accordingly, the highest results in terms of the amount of CO2 in the Scotch pine wood were found in the water-based varnish with the R1 solution.

Patron or Consumer: Governments, Design and Purchase With Specific Reference to Turkey

Governments, design and purchase are significantly interrelated words. In both developed countries and some developing countries, many governments, as patron, commission separate bodies to support and promote design as a strategic tool for improving their industry. Many governments also commission bodies to purchase office equipment for thousands of civil servants in the ministries and agencies. These approaches give two aspects to governments - as patrons and also as consumers. Considering the worldwide government involvement in design and purchase with specific reference to Turkey, this paper examines the role of the Turkish government in ‘design and purchase,’ particularly assessing government buildings and purchasing office furniture, whether as patron or consumer. The paper then looks for examples of good practice with the aim of possible transfer to Turkey. This paper found that ‘design’ was not seen as a strategic tool in assessing government buildings and the purchasing of office furniture in Turkey. The Turkish government was merely found to be a passive consumer of whatever office products the Turkish industry offers. At an international level, the paper identified examples of good UK practice: for example, the office furniture purchasing strategy of the Inland Revenue, the assessment method of the new office campus of the Ministry of Defence Procurement Executive at Abbey Wood, and the implementation of design and management of design by the British Design Council after re-organization in 1994, have shown how a government agency could advise the government, its departments and agencies.