Musa Atar

Bonding strength of poly(vinyl acetate)-based adhesives in some wood materials treated with impregnation

This experimental study was carried out to determine the bonding strength of poly(vinyl acetate)-based (PVAc) adhesives [i.e., Klebit 303 (K303), Kleiberit 305.0 (K305.0), and Super Lackleim 308 (SL308)] for some impregnated wood materials used in woodworking industries. For this purpose, Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky), Uludaǧ fir (Abies bormulleriana mattf.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris lipsky) woods were impregnated with tanalith-CBC (T-CBC) and imersol-WR 2000 (I-WR 2000) by dipping and vacuum method according to the procedure of ASTM-D 1413-76 standards. The shear strength test was conducted on the connection surface of samples jointed by four different adhesives. The test results showed that the highest shear strength (11.84 N/mm2) was obtained for the wood materials of Oriental beech treated by T-CBC with K303 by using the dipping method. The lowest shear strength (3.1 N/mm2) was obtained for Scotch pine treated by T-CBC with K305.0 by using the vacuum method.

Impact of impregnation with Imersol Aqua on the surface adhesion strength of synthetic, acrylic, polyurethane, and water‐based varnishes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of Imersol Aqua impregnation of Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uludag fir on the surface adhesion strength of various types of varnishes. The finding obtained would benefit the manufacturers of building materials and furniture, where the surface adhesion strength of water‐based varnishes is a concern.Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, test samples were prepared from Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uludag fir woods that met the requirements of ASTM D 358. The samples were impregnated with Imersol Aqua using short‐, medium‐, and long‐term immersion techniques according to ASTM D 1413 and the manufacturers instructions. After impregnation, surfaces were coated with synthetic, acrylic, polyurethane, and water‐based varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023 standards. After the varnishing process, the adhesion strength of the samples was determined in accordance with ASTM D 4541.Findings – It was also found that among the wood sam...

How impregnation with boron compounds affects the surface hardness of some varnishes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how impregnation with boron compounds affects the surface hardness of varnished wood materials.Design/methodology/approach – Test samples were prepared from Scotch pine, Oriental spruce, and Uludag fir, which met the requirements of ASTM D 358.These samples were impregnated with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) using a vacuum technique, according to ASTM D 1413 guidelines. After impregnation, surfaces were coated with cellulosic, synthetic, polyurethane, water‐based, acrylic, and acid‐hardening varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023 guidelines. Surface hardnesses of specimens after the varnishing process were determined, in accordance with ASTM D 4366 guidelines.Findings – Surface hardness was greatest for samples of spruce treated with Ba and polyurethane varnish, and lowest for samples of Scotch pine treated with Bx and synthetic varnish. With regard to wood type, impregnation material, and varnish type, surface hardness was greatest for Oriental spr...

Impacts of impregnation with Imersol Aqua to red colour tone of some softwoods and varnishes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the impacts of impregnation with Imersol Aqua to red colour tone (RCT) of some softwood materials and varnishes.Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, test samples prepared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky), Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis Link) and Uludag fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Mattf.), which met the requirements of ASTM D 358, were impregnated with Imersol Aqua by short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term immersion techniques in accordance with ASTM D 1413 and producers definition. After impregnation, surfaces were coated by synthetic, acrylic, water‐based and polyurathane varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023 standards. RCT values of samples after varnishing process were determined in accordance with ASTM D 2244.Findings – It was found that RCT was the highest in Scots pine, long‐term dipping and synthetic varnish, and the lowest in Uludag fir, short‐term dipping and water‐borne varnish. Considering the interaction of wood type, ...

Effects of Different Joint Angles and Adhesives on Diagonal Compression Strengths

ABSTRACT This study was performed to determine the effects of different joint angles and adhesives on diagonal compression strengths of the box-type furniture made from solid wood and MDF (medium density fiberboard). After drilling joints of 75o, 78o, 81o, 84o, and 87o degrees on Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), European oak (Quercus petreae Liebl.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky), and MDF samples, a diagonal compression strength test was applied on corners glued with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (Desmodur-VTKA = Desmodur-Vinyl Trieketonol Acetate) according to ASTM D 1037 standard. Consequently, the highest compression strength was obtained in Oriental beech (0.321 N.mm -2 ) with Desmodur-VTKA glue (0.268 N.mm -2 ) and joint angle of 84o (0.302 N.mm -2 ), while the lowest value was obtained in MDF (0.154 N.mm -2 ) with PVAc glue (0.252 N.mm -2 ) and joint angle of 78o (0.207 N.mm -2 ). Considering the interaction of wood, adhesive, and joint angle, the highest compression strength was obtained in Oriental beech with joint angle of 81o and Desmodur-VTKA glue (0.445 N.mm -2 ), whereas the lowest compression strength was determined in MDF with joint angle of 87o and PVAc glue (0.132 N.mm -2 ). In consequence, Desmodur-VTKA as glue and 81o as joint angle could be recommended to obtain some advantageous on the dovetail joint process for box-type furniture made from both massive wood and MDF.

Diyagonal Basma ve Çekme Kuvvetine Farklı Köşe Birleştirme Tekniklerinin Etkileri

Bu calisma, islak mekân mobilyalari icin uretilmis plastik levhada (Polistrenlam = Pslam ) farkli kose birlestirme tekniklerinin diyagonal basma ve cekme kuvvetine etkilerini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Bu maksatla Pslam’ dan geleneksel, yildiz ve alyan vida, minifiks ve trapez birlestirme teknikleri ile hazirlanan koselere ASTM D 1037 esaslarina gore diyagonal basma ve cekme deneyi uygulanmistir. Sonuc olarak, diyagonal basma kuvveti, en yuksek kavelali polistren tutkalli birlestirmede (820 N), en dusuk; yildiz vidali 4x60 birlestirmede (196 N) bulunmustur. Diyagonal cekmede; en yuksek kavelali polistren tutkalli birlestirmede (1662 N), en dusuk minifiks birlestirmede (343 N) cikmistir. Buna gore; Pslam’ dan uretilecek dolaplarin koselerinde kavelali polistren tutkalli birlestirme tekniklerinin uygulamasi digerlerine gore avantaj saglayabilir.

Impacts of Bleaching and Varnishing Process on the Amount of CO 2 in Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) Wood Material

This study was carried out to determine the effects of bleaching and varnishing process on the amount of CO2 in Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood material. For this purpose, samples of Scotch pine wood prepared according to ASTM D 358 [1] contain 18% R1 = (NaOH + H2O2), R2 = (NaOH + Ca(OH)2 + H2O2), R3 = (Na2S2O5 + H2C2O4), R4 = (NaSiO3 + H2O2), R5 = (KMnO4 + Na2S2O5 + H2O2) solution groups, after bleaching with solution groups, water based (Sb), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu) and acrylic varnish (Av) were applied according to ASTM D 3023 [3] and compliance with ASTM E 160-50 guidelines in combustion tests. Gas measurements were made with the SIGMA 74,172 NSU flue gas device during the combustion process. As a result, the amount of CO2 in the flame source combustion (ppm); The highest R1 (8.500), the lowest R3 (2.907), the highest R1 in the varnish level (5.314), the lowest Pu (2.853) Av (14.773) and lowest R2 + Sv (0.633) were obtained. The amount of CO2 in without flame combustion temperature (ppm); the highest values were Sb (6.686), the lowest Pu (5.419), the highest R1 (9.367) and the lowest R3 (5.407) Sb (19.43) and lowest R3 + Sv (1.167). Baking combustion CO2 content (ppm); the highest Pu (5.127) at the varnish level, the lowest at Sv (2.522), the bleaching materials at the level is highest at R1 (5.980), lowest at R4 (2.180), according to bleaching materials and the varnish type interaction is the highest R1 + P (15.29), also the lowest R5 Av + (0.7833) was obtained. Accordingly, the highest results in terms of the amount of CO2 in the Scotch pine wood were found in the water-based varnish with the R1 solution.

Carbon Dioxide Amount in the Combustion of European Oak ( Quercus petreae Liebl.) Wood Bleached and Varnished

This study was carried out to determine the carbon dioxide amount in the combustion of European oak wood (Quercus petreae liebl.) bleached and varnished. For this purpose, samples of European oak wood prepared according to ASTM D 358 contain 18% R1 = (NaOH + H2O2), R2 = (NaOH + Ca(OH)2 + H2O2), R3 = (Na2S2O5 + H2C2O4), R4 = (NaSiO3 + H2O2), R5 = (KMnO4 + Na2S2O5 + H2O2) solution groups, after bleaching with solution groups, water based (Sb), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu) and acrylic varnish (Av) were applied according to ASTM D 3023 and compliance with ASTM E 160-50 guidelines in combustion tests. Gas measurements were made with the Sigma 74172 NSU flue gas device during the combustion process. As a result, the amount of CO2 in the flame source side (ppm); the highest R4 in the varnish level (3.469), the lowest Av (1.236), the highest R4 (3.763), the lowest R2 (1.127), the highest R4 + Sb (7.583), the lowest R5 + Sb (0.8333) was obtained. Amount of CO2 in the without flame combustion temperature (ppm); the highest RV (r = 7.194), the lowest RV (3.469), the highest R1 (7.820), the lowest R2 (3.277), the highest R4 + Sv (12.73) in the lowest R3 + Pu (3.000) was found. CO2 amount in the baking combustion (ppm); (7.356), the highest RV (3.540), the lowest RV (3.565), the lowest RV (3.565), the lowest RV (3.522), the lowest R4 + Sb (1.173) was obtained. CO2 amount in the baking combustion (ppm); the highest R4 of the varnished oak wood (7.056), the lowest Av (3.522), the highest R1 (7.540), the lowest R2 (3.610), the highest R4 + Sv (9.667) in the lowest R4 + Sb (1.173) was obtained. According to this, it can be said that the solutions of R1 and R4 with synthetic varnish are not suitable for poisoning effect in fire risk areas.

MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMLERİN SEDİR (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) VE DOĞU LADİN (Picea Orientalis Lipsky) ODUN ÖRNEKLERİNİN YANMA DENEYİNDE YANMA SÜRELERİNE ETKİSİ

Bu calismada, odun orneklerinin dis ortamda etkilerinden korunmasina yonelik cesitli emprenye ve ust yuzey islemleri uygulanarak odunun yanma ozelliklerinden yanma sureleri uzerindeki etkileri arastirilmistir. Bu amacla, ASTM–E 160-50 yanma testi standartlarinda verilen esaslara gore sedir (Cedrus libani A.Rich.) ve ladin (Picea orientalis L.) odunundan hazirlanan deney ornekleri ASTM–D 1413–76 esaslarina gore tanalith-E ve wolmanit-CB emprenye maddeleri ile emprenye edilip ASTM-D 3023 esaslarina gore ust yuzey islemi olarak sentetik ve su bazli dis mekan vernikleri uygulandiktan sonra acik hava sartlarinda mevsimsel etkileri incelenmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore, ilk yikilma suresi; Ladin odunu ornekleri icin en yuksek kis orneklerinde 457 sn ve en dusuk ise sonbahar orneklerinde 257 sn, Sedir odunu ornekleri icin en yuksek kontrol orneklerinde 479 sn, en dusuk ise kis orneklerinde 326 sn’dir. Tum yanma suresinde ise; Ladin odunu ornekleri icin en yuksek kontrol orneklerinde 2105 sn ve en dusuk ise yaz mevsimi orneklerinde 1143 sn, Sedir odunu ornekleri icin en yuksek sonbahar orneklerinde 2707 sn, en dusuk ise yaz mevsimi orneklerinde 1338 sn olarak tespit edilmistir.

Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood (Cedrus libani)

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of various types of impregnating and surface treatment materials on the fire resistance of wood material indoors and outdoors. Wood samples (Cedru...