Han Na Choe

Altererythrobacter namhicola sp. nov. and Altererythrobacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from seawater

Two non-motile, orange- or yellow-pigmented bacteria, designated strains KYW48(T) and KYW147(T), were isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells of both strains were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids of strain KYW48(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c (35.3 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c) (22.7 %), C(17 : 1)ω6c (19.8 %), C(14 : 0) 2-OH (7.4 %) and C(16 : 0) (5.9 %), and those of strain KYW147(T) were C(18 : 1)ω7c (36.0 %), summed feature 3 (18.3 %), C(16 : 0) (14.7 %), 11-methyl C(18 : 1)ω7c (10.7 %), C(16 : 0) 2-OH (9.1 %) and C(18 : 1)ω9c (8.0 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of both strains was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The DNA G+C contents of strains KYW48(T) and KYW147(T) were 63.8 and 67.2 mol%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains KYW48(T) and KYW147(T) were grouped with the members of the family Erythrobacteraceae and formed a distinct clade with the members of the genus Altererythrobacter (<95.7 % sequence similarity). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, the novel species Altererythrobacter namhicola sp. nov. (type strain KYW48(T)  = KCTC 22736(T)  = JCM 16345(T)) and Altererythrobacter aestuarii sp. nov. (type strain KYW147(T)  = KCTC 22735(T)  = JCM 16339(T)) are proposed.

Paenibacillus rigui sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater wetland.

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-variable bacterial strain, designated WPCB173(T), was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea. Based on its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic position inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as being a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Major polar lipids present in strain WPCB173(T) included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified phospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C₁₅:₀ (65.2  %). The DNA G+C content was 48.3 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WPCB173(T) clustered with species of the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours being Paenibacillus chinjuensis WN9(T) (96.7  %) and Paenibacillus soli DCY03(T) (96.4  %). DNA-DNA hybridization of strain WPCB173(T) with P. soli DCY03(T) and P. chinjuensis WN9(T) showed relatedness values of only 10 and 19  %, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain WPCB173(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is WPCB173(T) (=KCTC 13282(T) =JCM 16352(T)).

Roseomonas riguiloci sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater.

A non-motile, coccobacillus-shaped and pink pigmented bacterium, designated strain 03SU10-P(T), was isolated from wetland freshwater (Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram reaction-negative and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids (>10% of total) were C(18:1)ω7c and summed feature 3 (iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and/or C(16:1)ω7c). The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 68 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown aminolipid. Spermidine, putrescine and 1,3-diaminopropane were the major polyamines. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain 03SU10-P(T) formed an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Roseomonas. The nearest neighbour to the novel strain was Roseomonas stagni HS-69(T) (96.3% gene sequence similarity). The evidence provided by the polyphasic taxonomic approach used in this study indicated that strain 03SU10-P(T) could not be assigned to any recognized species; therefore a novel species is proposed, Roseomonas riguiloci sp. nov., with 03SU10-P(T) ( = KCTC 23339(T) = JCM 17520(T)) as the type strain.

Paenibacillus wooponensis sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater.

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-positive bacterium, designated strain WPCB018(T), was isolated from a fresh water sample collected from Woopo wetland, Korea. The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown aminophospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (32.2 %), C(16 : 0) (20.1 %) and C(18 : 0) (18.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 56.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WPCB018(T) belongs to a cluster comprising species of the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours being Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) (97.5 %) and Paenibcillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T) (96.2 %). Genomic DNA-DNA hybridizations performed with strain WPCB018(T) and type strains of the species P. humicus, P. pinihumi, P. phyllosphaerae, P. pasadenensis and P. tarimensis showed relatedness values of only 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and genetic evidence, strain WPCB018(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus wooponensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is WPCB018(T) ( = KCTC 13280(T) = JCM 16350(T)).

Aquimarina gracilis sp. nov., isolated from the gut microflora of a mussel, Mytilus coruscus, and emended description of Aquimarina spongiae

An orange-coloured and slender rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain PSC32(T), was isolated from the gut microflora of a mussel collected from Gwangyang Bay, South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The only isoprenoid quinone of strain PSC32(T) was MK-6 and the DNA G+C content was 36.9 mol%. Phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids were found as major polar lipids. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PSC32(T) forms an evolutionary lineage within the genus Aquimarina and is closely related to Aquimarina spongiae A6(T) (97.0 % similarity) and to other members of the genus Aquimarina (94.4-96.5 %). Genomic DNA-DNA relatedness between strain PSC32(T) and A. spongiae A6(T) was 40.7 %. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain PSC32(T) from described members of the genus Aquimarina. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain PSC32(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Aquimarina gracilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PSC32(T) ( = KCTC 23301(T) = JCM 17453(T)). An emended description of Aquimarina spongiae is given.

Marinivirga aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine environments, and emended descriptions of the genera Hyunsoonleella, Jejuia and Pontirhabdus and the species Hyunsoonleella jejuensis, Jejuia pallidilutea and Pontirhabdus pectinivorans.

Two orange, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic bacterial strains devoid of flagella and gliding motility, designated strains KYW371(T) and KS18 were isolated from a seawater sample and a shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum, respectively, collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae; and that strain KYW371(T) was most closely related to Algibacter mikhailovii LMG 23988(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity), Pontirhabdus pectinivorans JC2675(T) (96.3 %), Postechiella marina M091(T) (95.6 %) and Hyunsoonleella jejuensis CNU004(T) (95.3 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.8 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (78.1 %) between strains KYW371(T) and KS18 indicated that these two strains represented a single species. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain KYW371(T) were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. MK-6 was the only isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 34.8-36.6 mol%. Data from this taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach suggested that the isolates represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Marinivirga aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW371(T) ( = KCTC 23449(T) = JCM 17452(T)), and an additional strain of the species is KS18 ( = KCTC 23128 = JCM 16845). Emended descriptions of the genera Hyunsoonleella, Jejuia and Pontirhabdus and the species Hyunsoonleella jejuensis, Jejuia pallidilutea and Pontirhabdus pectinivorans are also proposed.

Algibacter aquimarinus sp. nov., isolated from a marine environment, and reclassification of Pontirhabdus pectinivorans as Algibacter pectinivorans comb. nov.

An orange-coloured, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative and aerobic bacterial strain, designated KYW589(T), was isolated from seawater collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. The isolate required sea salts for growth. Gliding motility was observed. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Major cellular fatty acids (>10% of the total) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:1 G, C16:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH and C18:0. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 38.6 ± 0.7 mol% (mean ± sd of three determinations). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KYW589(T) belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae, and was related to the genus Algibacter. Based on data from a study using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, it is proposed that strain KYW589(T) represents a novel species belonging to the genus Algibacter, for which the name Algibacter aquimarinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW589(T) (=KCTC 23928(T) =JCM 18287(T)). Reclassification of Pontirhabdus pectinivorans Yi et al. 2011 to the genus Algibacter, as Algibacter pectinivorans comb. nov. (type strain JC2675(T) =KACC 14153(T) =JCM 17107(T)), is also proposed.

Sphingopyxis rigui sp. nov. and Sphingopyxis wooponensis sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater, and emended description of the genus Sphingopyxis.

Two yellow-pigmented, Gram-reaction-negative strains, designated 01SU5-P(T) and 03SU3-P(T), were isolated from the freshwater of Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea. Both strains were aerobic, non-motile and catalase-negative. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two isolates belong to the genus Sphingopyxis, showing the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Sphingopyxis witflariensis W-50(T) (95.4-95.7 %). The two novel isolates shared 99.4 % sequence similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolates and the type strain of S. witflariensis clearly suggested that strains 01SU5-P(T) and 03SU3-P(T) represent two separate novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis. The two strains displayed different fingerprints after PCR analysis using the repetitive primers BOX, ERIC and REP. Several phenotypic characteristics served to differentiate these two isolates from recognized members of the genus Sphingopyxis. The data from the polyphasic study presented here indicated that strains 01SU5-P(T) and 03SU3-P(T) should be classified as representing novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the names Sphingopyxis rigui sp. nov. and Sphingopyxis wooponensis sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strain of Sphingopyxis rigui sp. nov. is 01SU5-P(T) ( = KCTC 23326(T) = JCM 17509(T)) and the type strain of Sphingopyxis wooponensis sp. nov. is 03SU3-P(T) ( = KCTC 23340(T) = JCM 17547(T)).

Lutibacter agarilyticus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from shallow coastal seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain KYW566(T), was isolated from seawater of the Suncheon Bay, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. The cells contained MK-6 as the only respiratory quinone and contained iso-C15 : 0 (13.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (13.1 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (9.3 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (8.7 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (6.3 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (6.0 %) as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain KYW566(T) was 41.6 ± 0.8 mol% (mean ± sd of three determinations). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW566(T) forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Lutibacter with Lutibacter flavus IMCC1507(T) as its nearest neighbour (96.7 % sequence similarity). A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain KYW566(T) from described members of the genus Lutibacter. On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, strain KYW566(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Lutibacter agarilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW566(T) ( = KCTC 23842(T) = JCM 18281(T)).

Gaetbulibacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from shallow coastal seawater, and emended description of the genus Gaetbulibacter.

A rod-shaped, yellow and strictly aerobic marine bacterium, designated KYW382(T), was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-negative and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15:1) G, iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:0) 3-OH, iso-C(15:0) 3-OH and anteiso-C(15:0). The DNA G+C content was 32.4 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW382(T) constituted an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Gaetbulibacter. The closest neighbour was Gaetbulibacter saemankumensis SMK-12(T) (96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain KYW382(T) from the described members of the genus Gaetbulibacter. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain KYW382(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Gaetbulibacter aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW382(T) (=KCTC 23303(T) =JCM 17455(T)). An emended description of the genus Gaetbulibacter is also given.