Keun Sik Baik

Mucilaginibacter rigui sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater, and emended description of the genus Mucilaginibacter.

A non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WPCB133(T), was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C content was 47 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WPCB133(T) forms an independent lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain WPCB133(T) was distantly related to Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis SCK(T) (94.7 % sequence similarity), Mucilaginibacter paludis TPT56(T) (94.5 %) and Mucilaginibacter gracilis TPT18(T) (94.4 %). Phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain WPCB133(T) from members of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of evidence presented in this study, strain WPCB133(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPCB133(T) (=KCTC 12534(T) =NBRC 101115(T)). An emended description of the genus Mucilaginibacter is also proposed.

Dyadobacter koreensis sp. nov., isolated from fresh water

A non-motile, rod-shaped, light-yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain WPCB159(T), was isolated from freshwater samples collected from the Woopo wetland in Korea. The cells were Gram-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were C(16 : 1)omega7c (34.8 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (24.2 %) and C(16 : 0) (9.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WPCB159(T) forms a lineage within the genus Dyadobacter (family Flexibacteraceae) and is closely related to Dyadobacter hamtensis HHS 11(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and to other members of the genus Dyadobacter (95.2-96.8 % sequence similarity). The phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness data indicate that strain WPCB159(T) should be distinguished from D. hamtensis HHS 11(T). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain WPCB159(T) represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPCB159(T) (=KCTC 12537(T)=NBRC 101116(T)).

Acinetobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A non-motile and rod shaped bacterium, designated strain B1T, was isolated from forest soil at Mt. Baekwoon, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were 9-octadecenoic acid (C18:1ω9c; 42%) and hexadecanoic acid (C16:0; 25.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1ω7c; 10.0%). The DNA G+C content was 44.1 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain B1T formed a lineage within the genus Acinetobacter and was closely related to A. baylyi DSM 14961T (98.6% sequence similarity), followed by A. baumannii DSM 30007T (97.4%), A. calcoaceticus DSM 30006T (97.0%) and 3 genomic species (96.8∼7.6%). Phenotypic characteristics, gyrB gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data distinguished strain B1T from type strains of A. baylyi, A. baumannii, and A. calcoaceticus. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain B1T represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1T (= KCTC 22184T= JCM 15062T).

Aurantimonas frigidaquae sp. nov., isolated from a water-cooling system

A non-motile, coccobacilli-shaped, pale-pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain CW67(T), was isolated from a water-cooling system in Gwangyang, Republic of Korea. Cells were found to be Gram-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, the major fatty acids were C(18 : 1)omega7c (43.6 %) and C(16 : 0) (15.8 %), the predominant respiratory lipoquinone was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content was 69.5 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain CW67(T) forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation of the genus Roseomonas and that its closest relative is Roseomonas gilardii subsp. rosea MDA5605(T) (94.7 % sequence similarity). Evidence from this polyphasic study showed that strain CW67(T) could not be assigned to any recognized species. It therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Roseomonas frigidaquae sp. nov. is proposed, with CW67(T) (=KCTC 22211(T) =JCM 15073(T)) as the type strain.

Altererythrobacter namhicola sp. nov. and Altererythrobacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from seawater

Two non-motile, orange- or yellow-pigmented bacteria, designated strains KYW48(T) and KYW147(T), were isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells of both strains were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids of strain KYW48(T) were C(18u200a:u200a1)ω7c (35.3u200a%), summed feature 3 (iso-C(15u200a:u200a0) 2-OH and/or C(16u200a:u200a1)ω7c) (22.7u200a%), C(17u200a:u200a1)ω6c (19.8u200a%), C(14u200a:u200a0) 2-OH (7.4u200a%) and C(16u200a:u200a0) (5.9u200a%), and those of strain KYW147(T) were C(18u200a:u200a1)ω7c (36.0u200a%), summed feature 3 (18.3u200a%), C(16u200a:u200a0) (14.7u200a%), 11-methyl C(18u200a:u200a1)ω7c (10.7u200a%), C(16u200a:u200a0) 2-OH (9.1u200a%) and C(18u200a:u200a1)ω9c (8.0u200a%). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of both strains was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The DNA G+C contents of strains KYW48(T) and KYW147(T) were 63.8 and 67.2 mol%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains KYW48(T) and KYW147(T) were grouped with the members of the family Erythrobacteraceae and formed a distinct clade with the members of the genus Altererythrobacter (<95.7u200a% sequence similarity). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, the novel species Altererythrobacter namhicola sp. nov. (type strain KYW48(T) u200a=u200aKCTC 22736(T) u200a=u200aJCM 16345(T)) and Altererythrobacter aestuarii sp. nov. (type strain KYW147(T) u200a=u200aKCTC 22735(T) u200a=u200aJCM 16339(T)) are proposed.

Paenibacillus rigui sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater wetland.

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-variable bacterial strain, designated WPCB173(T), was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea. Based on its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic position inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as being a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Major polar lipids present in strain WPCB173(T) included phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified phospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C₁₅:₀ (65.2 u200a%). The DNA G+C content was 48.3 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WPCB173(T) clustered with species of the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours being Paenibacillus chinjuensis WN9(T) (96.7 u200a%) and Paenibacillus soli DCY03(T) (96.4u200a %). DNA-DNA hybridization of strain WPCB173(T) with P. soli DCY03(T) and P. chinjuensis WN9(T) showed relatedness values of only 10 and 19u200a %, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain WPCB173(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is WPCB173(T) (=KCTC 13282(T) =JCM 16352(T)).

Roseomonas riguiloci sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater.

A non-motile, coccobacillus-shaped and pink pigmented bacterium, designated strain 03SU10-P(T), was isolated from wetland freshwater (Woopo wetland, Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram reaction-negative and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids (>10% of total) were C(18:1)ω7c and summed feature 3 (iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and/or C(16:1)ω7c). The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 68 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown aminolipid. Spermidine, putrescine and 1,3-diaminopropane were the major polyamines. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain 03SU10-P(T) formed an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Roseomonas. The nearest neighbour to the novel strain was Roseomonas stagni HS-69(T) (96.3% gene sequence similarity). The evidence provided by the polyphasic taxonomic approach used in this study indicated that strain 03SU10-P(T) could not be assigned to any recognized species; therefore a novel species is proposed, Roseomonas riguiloci sp. nov., with 03SU10-P(T) (u200a= KCTC 23339(T) = JCM 17520(T)) as the type strain.

Paenibacillus wooponensis sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater.

A rod-shaped, endospore-forming, Gram-reaction-positive bacterium, designated strain WPCB018(T), was isolated from a fresh water sample collected from Woopo wetland, Korea. The isolate was identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown aminophospholipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (32.2 %), C(16 : 0) (20.1 %) and C(18 : 0) (18.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 56.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WPCB018(T) belongs to a cluster comprising species of the genus Paenibacillus, its closest neighbours being Paenibacillus humicus PC-147(T) (97.5 %) and Paenibcillus pasadenensis SAFN-007(T) (96.2 %). Genomic DNA-DNA hybridizations performed with strain WPCB018(T) and type strains of the species P. humicus, P. pinihumi, P. phyllosphaerae, P. pasadenensis and P. tarimensis showed relatedness values of only 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and genetic evidence, strain WPCB018(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus wooponensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is WPCB018(T) ( = KCTC 13280(T) = JCM 16350(T)).

Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense sp. nov., isolated from a water-cooling system

A non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain CW9(T), was isolated from a water-cooling system in Gwangyang, Republic of Korea. The cells were Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, short rods. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (45.5 %), iso-C(17 : 1)omega9c (14.4 %), iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH (13.0 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)omega7c; 8.8 %). The DNA G+C content was 35.6 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CW9(T) formed a lineage within the genus Chryseobacterium and was closely related to Chryseobacterium gleum ATCC 35910(T) (98.4 % sequence similarity) and Chryseobacterium indologenes ATCC 29897(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity). Phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness data served to distinguish strain CW9(T) from these two species. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain CW9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CW9(T) (=KCTC 12894(T)=JCM 14756(T)).

Tenacibaculum crassostreae sp. nov., isolated from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated LPB0068T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Korea. This isolate was found to share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. macquariensis DSM 2T (98.1u200a%) and Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. defensor JCM 14954T (98.0u200a%). To establish the genomic relatedness of this isolate to its phylogenetic neighbours, its genome sequence and those of Paenibacillus antarcticus CECT 5836T, P. macquariensis subsp. macquariensis DSM 2T, P. macquariensis subsp. defensor JCM 14954T, and Paenibacillus glacialis DSM 22343T were determined. The low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values exhibited by LPB0068T in relation to the other strains in this analysis revealed that it is distinct from other Paenibacillus species. The genome of strain LPB0068T consists of one chromosome and three circular plasmids, and had a DNA G+Cu2009content of 40.0u2009mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15u200a:u200a0, C14u200a:u200a0, and C16u200a:u200a0. Based on genomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic characteristics, this strain was clearly distinguished from other Paenibacillus species with validly published names and should therefore be classified as a novel species of the genus. The name Paenibacillus crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed, the type strain of which is LPB0068T (=KACC 18694T=JCM 31183T).