Hari Kaskoyo

Present State of Community Forestry (Hutan Kemasyarakatan/HKm) Program in a Protection Forest and Its Challenges: Case Study in Lampung Province, Indonesia

This article discusses the state of a community forestry program in a protection forest in Indonesia, which has been running for almost two decades. We found that the program did not achieve its objective mainly because of frequent changes in regulations. There are also activities such as: measuring and mapping working area boundaries, drawing up a work plan, planting, maintenance and security, paying royalties to those who harvest forest resources, and submitting annual reports on land use to the district government head, which have not worked as expected. We also found that the major incentives for local people to participate in the program are getting certificates of management and the program’s effectiveness in minimizing land-use conflicts. Participants perceived that their major role on the program is to follow farmer-group directives or government rules. To achieve the program’s purposes, farmer groups need technical assistance related to protection-forest management and opportunities for financing.

Social Capital in Mangrove Management: A Case Study in Lampung Province, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to identify the individual characteristics and the elements of social capital hence a suitable design of social capital reinforcement can be proposed to promote a sustainable community-based mangrove management. The research conducted in three villages that were selected based on mangrove ecological differences in Lampung Province,Indonesia. Qualitative data was collected through field observation and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that the population in the three villages dominated on roductive ages, worked as farmers, and less educated (only a half of the population had fulfilled the basic education standard of Indonesia). The study results also indicated that the social capital in the communities showed minimum condition of interpersonal attachment and cooperation. This condition was derived from the attitude of the people who only took personal benefit without concerning to others’ welfare. Many programs conducted by government to ensure the conservation of mangroves were project-oriented with minor participation of community. The minor participation might also contributed to the minimum of social capital in the community. To improve social capital, the communities should strengthen mutual trust based on mutual benefit to increase members’ participation in mangrove activity.

Impact of community forest program in protection forest on livelihood outcomes: A case study of Lampung Province, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The global to local-level importance of Indonesian forests for the environment and development is now very well documented. However, how to govern these forests to achieve the diverse and, at times, conflicting interests is still an open question. Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) is a community forest (CF) that is being implemented to contribute to local development while creating sufficient incentives for conserving the forest. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of HKm to conserve forests. This study analyzed the changes in the five major types of capital for HKm farmers. The results indicated HKm to have contributed positively to the improvement of natural, physical, and human capital. In addition to its direct impact, HKm was also found to improve the financial capital of the farmers by avoiding patron–client relationships and side payments between the pre-HKm illegal encroacher farmers (now legal land cultivators) and government officers. Although the results support the possibility of HKm producing a win-win situation between forest conservation and rural development, its future applicability, especially with consideration of population growth and associated increase in demand for cultivation land, needs to be given due emphasis.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemanfaatan Lahan Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman

Pemanfaatan lahan hutan merupakan cara yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di sekitar hutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan lahan di Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman. Pemanfaatan lahan pada penelitian diasumsikan sebagai jumlah jenis tanaman yang ditanam di lahan hutan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jumlah jenis tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah jenis tanaman masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh lama menggarap dan luas lahan. Semakin lama menggarap dan semakin luas lahan garapan masyarakat, maka semakin banyak jumlah jenis tanaman yang bernilai ekonomis ditanam di lahan garapan. Kata kunci: jumlah jenis tanaman, pemanfaatan lahan, luas lahan, lama menggarap.