Hari Susanti

Subchronic Toxicity of Green Algae (Spyrogyra sp.) Ethanolic Extract on Hematologic Parameters

Green Algae, an organism with active substance such as phytomelatonin, has potential to be developed as Indonesian traditional medicine. As the long term addition of Green Algae ethanol extract (Ekstrak etanol ganggang hijau, EEGH) influences the hematology system, in this paper, the safety test was done to ensure the safety of its use through subchronic toxicity test of EEGH on the hematology parameters of Wistar rats. The test group consisted of 3 groups treated with EEGH 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, while the control group was given by 0.5% CMC-Na, with 8 rats each respectively. By using blood samples taken from orbital sinus on the 29th day, common hematologic parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin level), the parameters of hemostasis (platelets, pT, aPTT, BT) and immune parameters (Differential Leukocytes Counts include neutrophils segment, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils) were finally observed and showed that the 28 days-addition of EEGH increase the hematological parameters of Wistar rats

PENGHAMBATAN AKTIVITAS XANTHINE OXIDASE OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa (non Jack) Bl.) SECARA IN VITRO

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism that can settle in the joints and form small crystals, causing inflammation known as gout. Gout is a disease caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). One of the drugs used to treat gout was allopurinol to inhibite the activity of xanthine oxidase mechanism. Myrmecodia tuberosa (non Jack) Bl. known to contain flavonoids and empirically proven to treat rheumatic complaints and gout. Therefore, research needs to examine whether the ethanol extract of the sarang semut to inhibite xanthine oxidase activity. Allopurinol is used as a comparison. The active substances of the Myrmecodia tuberosa (non Jack) Bl. was extracted with ethanol using maceration method after soaked with petroleum ether. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity of the Myrmecodia tuberosa (non Jack) Bl production ethanol extract was spectrophotometrically determined by monitoring the reducing of uric acid at a wavelength (λ) 295 nm with xanthine as substrate. Rate values obtained subsequently used to calculate the value of the activity. Then determined the concentration of the ethanol extract can inhibit the activity of of xanthine oxidase by 50% (IC50). The results of the research showed that the ethanol extracts of sarang semut inhibited xanthine oxidase activity with IC50 112.40 µg/ml, while allopurinol was 3.16 µg/ml.

PENGHAMBATAN AKTIVITAS XANTHINE OXIDASE OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata, Ness) SECARA IN VITRO

Tanaman Sambiloto merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung flavonoid yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan tradisional. Dari penelitian terdahulu dilaporkan bahwa senyawa flavonoid dapat berpotensi menurunkan kadar asam urat darah dengan cara menghambat aktivitas xanthine oxidase. Oleh karena adanya flavonoid yang terkandung dalam akar Sambiloto maka dilakukan penelitian apakah ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto dapat menghambat aktivitas xanthine oxidase. Sebagai pembanding digunakan Allopurinol. Ekstrak etanol dibuat dari serbuk akar Sambiloto diekstraksi dengan etanol menggunakan metode penyarian dengan alat Soxhlet, sebelum penyarian dilakukan pengawalemakan menggunakan petroleum eter. Penghambatan aktivitas xanthine oxidase oleh ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto ditentukan melalui penurunan produksi asam urat yang dimonitor dengan spektrofotometer pada 295 nm dengan xanthine sebagai substrat. Nilai kecepatan yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk menghitung nilai aktivitas. Kemudian ditentukan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol yang mampu menghambat aktivitas xanthine oxidase sebesar 50% (IC50). Hasil dianalisis secara kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Withney. Flavonoid dalam ekstrak etanol dipisah dengan cara kromatografi kertas dan perubahan bercak ditentukan dengan UV 366 dengan dan tanpa pemberian uap amoniak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto menghambat aktivitas Xanthine Oxidase dengan IC50 16,82 μg/ml sedangkan IC50 Allopurinol adalah 4,29 μg/ml. Ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto diduga mengandung flavonoid golongan flavon atau flavonol.