Wahyu Widyaningsih

Protection by Ethanolic Extract from Ulva lactuca L. against Acute Myocardial Infarction: Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Activities

Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in myocardial damage during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of an ethanolic extract from Ulva lactuca L. (EEUL) against AMI. Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: one control group and five treatment groups. Treatment group II was given 85 mg/kg body weight (BW) of isoproterenol (ISO). Group III, IV and V were given ISO and EEUL at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg BW, respectively. Group VI were given 10 mg/kg BW of ISO and melatonin. EEUL and melatonin were orally administered for 28 days. ISO was injected subcutaneously on day 29 and 30 to chemically induce AMI. On day 31, blood was collected for antioxidant assay and heart tissues were collected for histological examination. Results The activity of catalase (CAT), an endogenous antioxidant, in the EEUL-treatment groups was significantly increased compared to the ISO-treatment group (P < 0.001). The EEUL-treatment groups showed significantly decreased expression of caspase-3 (P < 0.001) and better myocardial tissue morphology. Conclusion EEUL possibly protects against AMI because of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.

Subchronic Toxicity of Green Algae (Spyrogyra sp.) Ethanolic Extract on Hematologic Parameters

Green Algae, an organism with active substance such as phytomelatonin, has potential to be developed as Indonesian traditional medicine. As the long term addition of Green Algae ethanol extract (Ekstrak etanol ganggang hijau, EEGH) influences the hematology system, in this paper, the safety test was done to ensure the safety of its use through subchronic toxicity test of EEGH on the hematology parameters of Wistar rats. The test group consisted of 3 groups treated with EEGH 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, while the control group was given by 0.5% CMC-Na, with 8 rats each respectively. By using blood samples taken from orbital sinus on the 29th day, common hematologic parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin level), the parameters of hemostasis (platelets, pT, aPTT, BT) and immune parameters (Differential Leukocytes Counts include neutrophils segment, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils) were finally observed and showed that the 28 days-addition of EEGH increase the hematological parameters of Wistar rats

UJI AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN POLIMERISASI HEME (1)-N-(2-NITROBENZIL)-1,10- FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA DAN (1)-N-(4-NITROBENZIL)-1,10- FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA SECARA IN VITRO

The inhibitory activity of heme polymerization of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10- phenantrolinium iodide and (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide have been done. This study aims to analyse the (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide and (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide as inhibitory of polimerization heme. Analysis of heme inhibtory polimerization activity used the experimental in vitro method. The activity showed by IC50 (the capable concentration of extract to inhibiting polymerization heme by 50% ). The IC50 value acquired by probit analysis. Assess IC50 of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)- 1,10-phenantrolinium iodide not to be identified, (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide and chloroquine by successively are 0,571±0,071; 25,498±1,876 mg/mL. The result showed the (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide had the highest value of the heme polymerization inhibitory activity than chloroquin, (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10- phenantrolinium iodide hadn’t the heme polymerization inhibitory activity.

PENGHAMBATAN AKTIVITAS XANTHINE OXIDASE OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata, Ness) SECARA IN VITRO

Tanaman Sambiloto merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung flavonoid yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan tradisional. Dari penelitian terdahulu dilaporkan bahwa senyawa flavonoid dapat berpotensi menurunkan kadar asam urat darah dengan cara menghambat aktivitas xanthine oxidase. Oleh karena adanya flavonoid yang terkandung dalam akar Sambiloto maka dilakukan penelitian apakah ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto dapat menghambat aktivitas xanthine oxidase. Sebagai pembanding digunakan Allopurinol. Ekstrak etanol dibuat dari serbuk akar Sambiloto diekstraksi dengan etanol menggunakan metode penyarian dengan alat Soxhlet, sebelum penyarian dilakukan pengawalemakan menggunakan petroleum eter. Penghambatan aktivitas xanthine oxidase oleh ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto ditentukan melalui penurunan produksi asam urat yang dimonitor dengan spektrofotometer pada 295 nm dengan xanthine sebagai substrat. Nilai kecepatan yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk menghitung nilai aktivitas. Kemudian ditentukan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol yang mampu menghambat aktivitas xanthine oxidase sebesar 50% (IC50). Hasil dianalisis secara kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Withney. Flavonoid dalam ekstrak etanol dipisah dengan cara kromatografi kertas dan perubahan bercak ditentukan dengan UV 366 dengan dan tanpa pemberian uap amoniak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto menghambat aktivitas Xanthine Oxidase dengan IC50 16,82 μg/ml sedangkan IC50 Allopurinol adalah 4,29 μg/ml. Ekstrak etanol akar Sambiloto diduga mengandung flavonoid golongan flavon atau flavonol.