Harold F. Kaufman

1. Comparative Study of Structure and Change of Selected Small Communities in India and the United States

The focus of this study is on the type of community structure which is most likely to support technological and related changes. This paper is to be seen within the growing body of literature on community leadership and action with special attention to accomplishment or output (cf. Aiken and Alford, 1973 and Clark, 1973). Three aspects of the community analyzed and compared in this study are local organizations, leadership and stratification. Selected villages in India and open country neighborhoods in the United States were the units in the comparative analysis. Although the focus of the paper is largely substantive, it has also methodological overtones. The major methodological concern deals with operations and procedures employed in diverse cultural settings in defining basic concepts. For example, is it appropriate to define the leadership and the class structure with the same operations in India as in the United States? A second methodological note deals with the size of the community. Those of us who focus on smaller communities may not be unduly biased when we contend that not enough research attention is being given to these smaller localities in which the majority of the people of the world still reside (cf. Lewis,l 1958: vii), and whose study can also provide insight for larger communities. Furthermore, small community study is a field in its own right because of the importance of controlling size and density of population for rigorous analysis.2 2

Ethnicity in a societal context

Abstract Two types of problems form the basic themes of this paper. One deals with the definition of ethnicity and the other with the societal context and how it influences the relation of ethnic groups to the nation. Key concepts in the definition of ethnicity are group, institution, role of the individual, and the relation of ethnic groups one to the other. Understanding the societal context is essential because the empirical character of ethnicity is dependent on the history and the present organization of the given society. Two general and polar types of relationships between ethnicity and national government are suggested. One is separate domains for ethnicity and politics, and the other direct ethnic control of government. In the separate domain approach ethnic groups and government have parallel rather than dominant or subordinate relations with each other. A brief treatment of cases of the above two types of relationships is made with the United States emphasizing the separate domain approach, and...

Concerns of Adult Education in Mississippi

judgements and sensitive discriminations among values.&dquo; Still another classification, made by Lyman Bryson, lists adult education activities as remedial, occupational, relational, political and liberal.4 From the standpoint of the sponsorship, adult education activities are frequently classified in terms of such agencies as public libraries, public schools, universities and colleges, agricultural agencies, workers organizations, and voluntary organizations. Some notion of the scope of adult educational activities in Mississippi is to be gained from noting the groups from which persons attending this workshop came, and also additional agencies which were invited to send representatives. Agencies and areas of interest include agricultural agencies, business leadership, industrial con-