Harrell W. Chesson

The Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among American Youth, 2000

CONTEXT Each year, millions of U.S. youth acquire sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Estimates of the economic burden of STDs can help to quantify the impact of STDs on the nations youth and on the payers of the cost of their medical care. METHODS We synthesized the existing literature on STD costs to estimate the lifetime medical cost per case of eight major STDs-HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis B, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and syphilis. We then estimated the total burden of disease by multiplying these cost-per-case estimates by the approximate number of new cases of STDs acquired by youth aged 15-24. RESULTS The total estimated burden of the nine million new cases of these STDs that occurred among 15-24-year-olds in 2000 was

The Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States, 2008

6.5 billion (in year 2000 dollars). Viral STDs accounted for 94% of the total burden (

The cost-effectiveness of male HPV vaccination in the United States

6.2 billion), and nonviral STDs accounted for 6% of the total burden (

Hopes and Fears: the Conflicting Effects of Risk Ambiguity

0.4 billion). HIV and HPV were by far the most costly STDs in terms of total estimated direct medical costs, accounting for 90% of the total burden (

Sex Under the Influence: The Effect of Alcohol Policy on Sexually Transmitted Disease Rates in the United States*

5.9 billion). CONCLUSIONS The large number of infections acquired by persons aged 15-24 and the high cost per case of viral STDs, particularly HIV, create a substantial economic burden.

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United States.

Background Millions of cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur in the United States each year, resulting in substantial medical costs to the nation. Previous estimates of the total direct cost of STIs are quite dated. We present updated direct medical cost estimates of STIs in the United States. Methods We assembled recent (i.e., 2002–2011) cost estimates to determine the lifetime cost per case of 8 major STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus, genital herpes simplex virus type 2, trichomoniasis and syphilis). The total direct cost for each STI was computed as the product of the number of new or newly diagnosed cases in 2008 and the estimated discounted lifetime cost per case. All costs were adjusted to 2010 US dollars. Results Results indicated that the total lifetime direct medical cost of the 19.7 million cases of STIs that occurred among persons of all ages in 2008 in the United States was

Estimates of the annual direct medical costs of the prevention and treatment of disease associated with human papillomavirus in the United States.

15.6 (range,

Sexually transmitted diseases and the increased risk for HIV transmission: implications for cost-effectiveness analyses of sexually transmitted disease prevention interventions.

11.0–

Cost‐effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment for patients in early stages of liver disease

20.6) billion. Total costs were as follows: chlamydia (

Estimates of the annual number and cost of new HIV infections among women attributable to trichomoniasis in the United States.

516.7 [