Hazura Haroon

Signature verification system using Support Vector Machine

This paper highlights the development of online signature verification system using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and VBTablet 2.0 to verify the input signature by comparing database. This may take place by signing directly on to a digitizing tablet by using stylus which is connected to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) port of computer. Owing to the fact that each individual has its own way of presenting his/her signatures on paper, there is a certain level of complexity like the way of holding the stylus, the strokes used in the signing and the amount of time/pressure put on paper which are involved in this verification system. The general on-line verification procedures are preprocessing, features extraction, detail matching and post processing. The common verification algorithm is one of the Global Feature Vector Machine called Support Vector Machine (SVM). The signature is characterized as pen-strokes consisting x-y coordinates and the data will be stored in the signature database in the form of a txt.file.

Design and optimization of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) for optical modulators

This paper presents an investigation of the most influential parameters in designing a Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) using Taguchi method. The symmetric Y-junction is employed in designing the MZI. Meanwhile, parameters affecting the design of a MZI such as the area of the waveguide, offset in X direction (lx), offset in Z direction (lz) and the arm length were considered and varied for optimization purposes. Design and optimization of passive MZI structure is crucial prior to implementation of active devices.

Optimization of Silicon-Based Fabrication Process Modeling for Optical Modulator

Silicon-based photonic devices have emerged as a high demand technology for a wide range of applications. Most of these devices can be realized by optical waveguides where it forms the basic structure for device construction. This project involved the optimization of silicon waveguide fabrication process modeling using Silvaco. The optimized silicon-based waveguide components are aimed to be implemented in future photonic devices such as optical modulators. The Taguchi methods are employed to study the influence of fabrication parameters variations on the fabrication performance such as etch rate and waveguide structure. Four fabrication parameters are investigated includes the diffusion temperature of the N - type channel, diffusion temperature of the P - type channel, silicon orientation and oxide thickness. The result shows that the temperature during the diffusion on an N - type channel has the most influence on the performance of the modulation efficiency of the silicon optical waveguide.

On the performance of Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer (MZI) optical modulator on silicon-on-insulator (SOI)

In recent years, there has been a significant interest in the development of optical waveguide modulators using Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrates motivated by the potential to provide a reliable low-cost alternative to other photonic materials. Objective: In this paper, Multimode Interference (MMI) device is used to develop the MZI structure of the optical modulator. Meanwhile, the electrical part of the modulator utilizes the forward biased P-I-N structure. The effect of varying MMI width to the performance of the MZI optical modulator on SOI was investigated. The effect of varying MMI width to the insertion loss (IL), extinction ratio (ER) and modulation efficiency (VπL) of the device were carried out. Results: The investigated MMI widths are 22, 30 and 38 μm. Smallest MMI width, which is 22 μm has recorded the lowest value of insertion loss with 3.30 dB and the best extinction ratio of 25.60 dB. However, the best modulation efficiency was observed for the MMI width of 38 μm with 0.1696 V.cm. Conclusion: Appropriate selection of MMI width is vital to ensure optimum performance of the MZI modulator.