Héder José D'Ávila Lima

Ideal ratio of digestible methionine plus cystine to digestible lysine for growing Japanese quails

Background: methionine is considered essential for maintenance, growth, and feather development. Methionine supply during the growth phase can influence the weight at sexual maturity and egg size. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of several digestible methionine + cystine/digestible lysine ratios for growing Japanese quails (1 to 40 days of age) with repercussions on the early stage of production (41 to 110 days of age). Methods: a total of 1,000 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to five digestible (methionine + cystine)/digestible lysine ratios, with 10 replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. A basal diet formulated to meet all nutrient requirements was added with graded levels of DL-methionine replacing glutamic acid. Results: weight of the birds at 40 days, weight gain until 40 days, feed intake, carcass weight, fat, and body protein deposition, methionine + cystine intake and birds viability in the growing phase presented a linear trend. A quadratic effect was observed for feed conversion and uniformity at 40 days of age, and percentage of feathers did not vary. A linear increase occurred in the laying phase for feed intake and weight gain of the birds. No effects of the assessed ratios were observed on the other variables. Conclusions: a 0.73 ratio of digestible (methionine + cystine) to digestible lysine in the growing phase provided uniform growth and satisfying performance of Japanese quails during the laying phase.

Características de carcaça de codornas de corte alimentadas com diferentes níveis de proteína e energia

The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy on carcass characteristics of quails. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial (5x3x2) with five levels of crude protein (PB) (18; 20; 22; 24 and 26%), three levels of metabolizable energy (EM) (2700; 2900 and 3100 scheme kcal / kg) and both sexes, with three replications. The quail were reared in cages throughout the experimental period, being the feed provided ad libitum. Two birds of each sex per experimental unit, were slaughtered at 50 days, after fasting for 10 hours, to evaluate of weight: body slaughter, carcass, breast, legs, wings, liver, gizzard and heart. The multiple regression models were adopted as a method of statistical analysis. There was no significant effect of PB levels studied on carcass traits, cut or weight of viscera, the quails of both sexes, except for heart weight. The best carcass characteristics of quails, males and females of the female lineage 2 (LF2) are obtained with ration with 18% CP and 2700 kcal / kg.

Heritability and genotype-environment interactions for growth curve parameters in meat-type quail fed different threonine:lysine ratios from hatching to 21 d of age

&NA; The aim of the present study was to estimate heritabilities and evaluate the existence of genotype‐environment interactions for growth curve parameters in quail fed diets containing different threonine:lysine ratios. A total of 4,441 body weight information from two genetic quail groups (LF1 and LF2) fed diets containing 0.66%, 0.71%, 0.76%, 0.81%, and 0.86% threonine:lysine ratios from hatching to 21 d of age were evaluated. From 22 to 35 d of age, quail received a single diet. The Gompertz model was used to estimate growth curve parameters. Genetic analyses were performed using random regression models, by Legendre polynomials of the second kind, considering homogeneity of residual variances. The following characteristics were evaluated: asymptotic weight, asymptotic growth rate, and inflection point. Increases in threonine:lysine ratios promoted higher heritability estimates for these variables in the LF1 genetic group compared to LF2, which indicates that the additive genetic variation was modified due to the environmental variation influenced by the evaluated amino acid ratios, with differences between both genetic groups. Thus, it is recommended that quail be selected in the 0.86% ratio in genetic group LF1 and 0.66% in genetic group LF2, where greater heritabilities were observed. Dispersion of individual breeding values along the environmental gradient was observed for all evaluated characteristics, in both genetic groups, suggesting the existence of genotype‐environment interactions for these variables. The evaluated amino acid ratios should be considered in quail breeding programs, since breeding value predictions for a determined threonine:lysine ratio are not valid for other ratios.

Relações metionina + cistina: lisina digestíveis para codornas de corte machos em fase de terminação

In order of estimating the best relations methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine for quails males during the periods 22 to 28 and 29 to 35 days of age were developed two experiments. The quails received a basal diet deficient in methionine plus cystine, which were supplemented with five levels of DL-Methionine, replacing glutamic acid and starch, resulting in the following relations: 0.68, 0.73, 0.78, 0.83 and 0.88. A total of 280 quails distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replicates of seven quails per experimental unit. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and feathering of quails, composition of the carcass and nitrogen balance were evaluate. During the period from 22 to 28 days of age there was no effect for the variables studied front to relations methionine plus cystine : digestible lysine. During the period 29 to 35 days of age was observed effect on feed intake, methionine + cystine intake and weight gain. At 35 days old was observed effect on the yield of thigh and drumstick, ether extract and crude protein carcass and nitrogen retention. Are recommended that the relations methionine plus cystine : digestible lysine 0.68 and 0.88 over the period 22 to 28 and 29 to 35 days of age, respectively.

Proporción ideal de metionina más cistina digestibles a lisina digestible para codornices japonesas en crecimiento

Background: methionine is considered essential for maintenance, growth, and feather development. Methionine supply during the growth phase can influence the weight at sexual maturity and egg size. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of several digestible methionine + cystine/digestible lysine ratios for growing Japanese quails (1 to 40 days of age) with repercussions on the early stage of production (41 to 110 days of age). Methods: a total of 1,000 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to five digestible (methionine + cystine)/digestible lysine ratios, with 10 replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. A basal diet formulated to meet all nutrient requirements was added with graded levels of DL-methionine replacing glutamic acid. Results: weight of the birds at 40 days, weight gain until 40 days, feed intake, carcass weight, fat, and body protein deposition, methionine + cystine intake and birds viability in the growing phase presented a linear trend. A quadratic effect was observed for feed conversion and uniformity at 40 days of age, and percentage of feathers did not vary. A linear increase occurred in the laying phase for feed intake and weight gain of the birds. No effects of the assessed ratios were observed on the other variables. Conclusions: a 0.73 ratio of digestible (methionine + cystine) to digestible lysine in the growing phase provided uniform growth and satisfying performance of Japanese quails during the laying phase.

Relação ideal de metionina mais cistina digestível e lisina digestível na dieta de codornas japonesas na fase de crescimento

Background: methionine is considered essential for maintenance, growth, and feather development. Methionine supply during the growth phase can influence the weight at sexual maturity and egg size. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of several digestible methionine + cystine/digestible lysine ratios for growing Japanese quails (1 to 40 days of age) with repercussions on the early stage of production (41 to 110 days of age). Methods: a total of 1,000 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to five digestible (methionine + cystine)/digestible lysine ratios, with 10 replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. A basal diet formulated to meet all nutrient requirements was added with graded levels of DL-methionine replacing glutamic acid. Results: weight of the birds at 40 days, weight gain until 40 days, feed intake, carcass weight, fat, and body protein deposition, methionine + cystine intake and birds viability in the growing phase presented a linear trend. A quadratic effect was observed for feed conversion and uniformity at 40 days of age, and percentage of feathers did not vary. A linear increase occurred in the laying phase for feed intake and weight gain of the birds. No effects of the assessed ratios were observed on the other variables. Conclusions: a 0.73 ratio of digestible (methionine + cystine) to digestible lysine in the growing phase provided uniform growth and satisfying performance of Japanese quails during the laying phase.

Níveis de sódio na ração de codornas japonesas em postura

The experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirement of sodium (Na) for laying Japanese quails. Were used 245 Japanese quails, with 187 days old, weight of 189.4 + 6.1 g and egg production rate of 91.05 + 5.5%. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five diets and seven replicates. Five experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, with five levels of Na (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%). Were examined: feed intake, egg production per bird day, egg production per hen housed, commercial eggs, viable eggs per bird day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs, components eggs (yolk, albumen and shell), body weight variation, viability of birds and specific gravity. There were no differences (P>0.05) for all parameters studied. Symptoms of deficiency as inappetence, reduction in the growth rate and depraved appetite were not observed in this study, demonstrating that the lower level of Na used, 0.10%, was not adverse to birds. Supplementation of 0.10% Na in diet of the birds, corresponding to a daily intake of 26.1 mg / bird was enough to provide good performance and egg quality of Japanese quails.